This paper presents results of the simulation of two vehicles overtaking each other at highways conditions (30m∕s). The simulation was fully unsteady and tracks the maneuver for several body lengths from downstream to upstream. Different mesh strategies have been investigated and assessed. Structured methods with sliding planes have been found the most feasible. The results shown include the effects of relative speed and lateral separation. The passing maneuver is described in detail, and a number of physical phenomena are identified. In particular, the rapid fluid compression and acceleration at the nose passing situation yields a pulse in the drag of the overtaken vehicle. The high pressure bow wave followed swiftly by the low-pressure wake affects the side force and lateral stability at positions slightly different than the nose passing.
Modeling and simulation of bow wave effect in probe and drogue aerial refueling