Simultaneous occurrence and statistical distribution of clouds over the United States

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. ATLAS
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Statistical Distribution ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence

How likely are widespread floods in US river basins? Seeking answers using a stochastic, wavelet-based approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Irene Brunner ◽  
Simon Papalexiou ◽  
Eric Gilleland
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
River Basins ◽  
The United States ◽  
Large River ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Flood Events

<p>Flooding can affect large regions leading to high economic and societal costs. Estimating regional flood risk is crucial for developing adaptation strategies, public awareness policies, and protection structures. Yet, estimating regional flood hazard is not trivial because of the few large flood events observed. Here, we derive regional flood hazard estimates for large river basins in the United States by using a stochastic streamflow generator. This allows us to increase the number of flood events available for the analysis and to investigate the simultaneous occurrence of flooding in different parts of a river basin. <br>We propose the continuous, stochastic simulation approach (<em>PRSim.wave</em>), which combines a non-parametric spatio-temporal model based on the wavelet transform with the parametric kappa distribution. The model reproduces the temporal and distributional characteristics of streamflow at individual sites and retains the spatial dependencies between sites even for spatial extremes. We use <em>PRSim.wave</em> to generate long and spatially consistent time series of daily discharge for a large set of catchments in the conterminous United States. For each catchment, we extract flood events from the simulated series using a peak-over-threshold approach to derive a spatial dataset of flood occurrences. Using this dataset, we estimate how probable it is that a certain percentage of stations within a specific river basin is jointly flooded. We show that: (1) there are strong regional differences in the likelihood of joint and potentially widespread flooding and (2) there are spatial differences in regional flood hazard estimates which could not be derived from observed data only. We deem our approach a valuable tool for water managers and policy makers to make informed decisions on the risk of widespread flooding.</p>

scholarly journals Patterns and trends in simultaneous wildfire activity in the United States from 1984 to 2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1057
Author(s):  
Harry Podschwit ◽  
Alison Cullen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Model Uncertainty ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Fuel Moisture ◽  
Wildfire Occurrence ◽  
Using Data

The simultaneous occurrence of wildfire can hinder firefighting effectiveness via multiple mechanisms that might explain historical resource demand trends. We validate this hypothesis by using data from the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) project to determine if simultaneous wildfire occurrence is correlated with preparedness levels and examine potential changes in simultaneous wildfire activity over the 1984–2015 record. We explore patterns that are helpful for predicting simultaneous wildfire, such as seasonal variability in simultaneity, cross-regional correlations and models of simultaneous wildfire occurrence based on dryness and lightning indicators. We show that simultaneous wildfire is at least as correlated with preparedness levels as other burned area measures and identify changes in simultaneous wildfire occurrence within the western and southern United States. Seasonal variation and spatial autocorrelation in simultaneous wildfire occurrence provide evidence of coupling of wildfire activity in portions of the western United States. Best-approximating models of simultaneity suggest that high levels of simultaneous wildfire often coincided with low fuel moisture and high levels of lightning occurrence. Model uncertainty was high in some contexts but, with only a few exceptions, there was strong evidence that the best model should include both a dryness and lightning indicator.

Correlative microscopy in distrubuted (client/server) computing environments: tools for catalyzing the rapid dissemination of information about the cell biology of the human prostate

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
A. Hakam ◽  
J.T. Gau ◽  
M.L. Grove ◽  
B.A. Evans ◽  
M. Shuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Client Server ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Transplant Organ

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of men in the United States and is the third leading cause of death in men. Despite attempts at early detection, there will be 244,000 new cases and 44,000 deaths from the disease in the United States in 1995. Therapeutic progress against this disease is hindered by an incomplete understanding of prostate epithelial cell biology, the availability of human tissues for in vitro experimentation, slow dissemination of information between prostate cancer research teams and the increasing pressure to “ stretch” research dollars at the same time staff reductions are occurring.To meet these challenges, we have used the correlative microscopy (CM) and client/server (C/S) computing to increase productivity while decreasing costs. Critical elements of our program are as follows:1) Establishing the Western Pennsylvania Genitourinary (GU) Tissue Bank which includes >100 prostates from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma as well as >20 normal prostates from transplant organ donors.

Digital image acquisition, processing, and analysis in a polymer microscopy laboratory

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
Vinod K. Berry ◽  
Xiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quantitative Image Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Image

In recent years it became apparent that we needed to improve productivity and efficiency in the Microscopy Laboratories in GE Plastics. It was realized that digital image acquisition, archiving, processing, analysis, and transmission over a network would be the best way to achieve this goal. Also, the capabilities of quantitative image analysis, image transmission etc. available with this approach would help us to increase our efficiency. Although the advantages of digital image acquisition, processing, archiving, etc. have been described and are being practiced in many SEM, laboratories, they have not been generally applied in microscopy laboratories (TEM, Optical, SEM and others) and impact on increased productivity has not been yet exploited as well.In order to attain our objective we have acquired a SEMICAPS imaging workstation for each of the GE Plastic sites in the United States. We have integrated the workstation with the microscopes and their peripherals as shown in Figure 1.

Silence of the Land: On the Historical Irrelevance of Territory to Congressional Districting and Political Representation in the United States

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 53-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Rehfeld
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Representative Government ◽  
Congressional District ◽  
Congressional Districts ◽  
Communities Of Interest

Every ten years, the United States “constructs” itself politically. On a decennial basis, U.S. Congressional districts are quite literally drawn, physically constructing political representation in the House of Representatives on the basis of where one lives. Why does the United States do it this way? What justifies domicile as the sole criteria of constituency construction? These are the questions raised in this article. Contrary to many contemporary understandings of representation at the founding, I argue that there were no principled reasons for using domicile as the method of organizing for political representation. Even in 1787, the Congressional district was expected to be far too large to map onto existing communities of interest. Instead, territory should be understood as forming a habit of mind for the founders, even while it was necessary to achieve other democratic aims of representative government.

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