scholarly journals Measurement-induced nonlocality for an arbitrary bipartite state

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (5&6) ◽  
pp. 479-489
Author(s):  
Sayyed Y. Mirafzali ◽  
Iman Sargolzahi ◽  
Ali Ahanj ◽  
Kurosh Javidan ◽  
Mohsen Sarbishaei

Measurement-induced nonlocality is a measure of nonlocalty introduced by Luo and Fu [Phys. Rev. Lett \textbf{106}, 120401 (2011)]. In this paper, we study the problem of evaluation of Measurement-induced nonlocality (MIN) for an arbitrary $m\times n$ dimensional bipartite density matrix $\rho$ for the case where one of its reduced density matrix, $\rho^{a}$, is degenerate (the nondegenerate case was explained in the preceding reference). Suppose that, in general, $\rho^{a}$ has $d$ degenerate subspaces with dimension $m_{i} (m_{i} \leq m , i=1, 2, ..., d)$. We show that according to the degeneracy of $\rho^{a}$, if we expand $\rho$ in a suitable basis, the evaluation of MIN for an $m\times n$ dimensional state $\rho$, is degraded to finding the MIN in the $m_{i}\times n$ dimensional subspaces of state $\rho$. This method can reduce the calculations in the evaluation of MIN. Moreover, for an arbitrary $m\times n$ state $\rho$ for which $m_{i}\leq 2$, our method leads to the exact value of the MIN. Also, we obtain an upper bound for MIN which can improve the ones introduced in the above mentioned reference. Finally, we explain the evaluation of MIN for $3\times n$ dimensional states in details.

Physics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-396
Author(s):  
Chu-Ryang Wie

Three unit spheres were used to represent the two-qubit pure states. The three spheres are named the base sphere, entanglement sphere, and fiber sphere. The base sphere and entanglement sphere represent the reduced density matrix of the base qubit and the non-local entanglement measure, concurrence, while the fiber sphere represents the fiber qubit via a simple rotation under a local single-qubit unitary operation; however, in an entangled bipartite state, the fiber sphere has no information on the reduced density matrix of the fiber qubit. When the bipartite state becomes separable, the base and fiber spheres seamlessly become the single-qubit Bloch spheres of each qubit. Since either qubit can be chosen as the base qubit, two alternative sets of these three spheres are available, where each set fully represents the bipartite pure state, and each set has information of the reduced density matrix of its base qubit. Comparing this model to the two Bloch balls representing the reduced density matrices of the two qubits, each Bloch ball corresponds to two unit spheres in our model, namely, the base and entanglement spheres. The concurrence–coherence complementarity is explicitly shown on the entanglement sphere via a single angle.


Author(s):  
Sambarta Chatterjee ◽  
Nancy Makri

We investigate the time evolution of the reduced density matrix (RDM) and its purity in the dynamics of a two-level system coupled to a dissipative harmonic bath, when the system is initially placed in one of its eigenstates.


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