scholarly journals A study on the minimum transmission dose for image formation in X-ray imaging of forearm, femur and ankle joint

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 557-561
Author(s):  
Sinyoung Yu
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Standard Condition ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Exposure Condition ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Digital Detector ◽  
3D Surface ◽  
Surface Plot ◽  
Interactive 3D ◽  
Exposure Conditions

Excellent performance of the digital detector can generate medical images at a lower dose. However, if a certain level of dose exposure of the sensor detector can generate an image to recognize it. In this study, the exposure conditions of the forearm, femur, and ankle joint tests currently used in clinical trials were tested with lower doses. The resolution pattern was analyzed using the Image J program, and the results were obtained by analyzing the Interactive 3D Surface Plot. In addition, by measuring the surface dose and absorbed dose, the digital detector finds the minimum conditions to make an image and also checks the effect of dose reduction. The image of the obtained resolution pattern was analyzed by Plot profile using Image J program. It was confirmed that the gray value width decreased at the same pixel distance as the exposure conditions decreased. Even if the exposure conditions were lowered from step 1 to step 4, which is the standard condition of the forearm test, the resolution showed no difference at 1.4 Lp/mm. In the Interactive 3D Surface Plot, as the range of the grayscale lowered the exposure condition, the shape of the surface contours gradually became blurred, and the contrast of black and white shades decreased. The resolution from step 1 to step 3, which is the standard condition of the femur bone test, was 1.2 Lp/mm, indicating no difference. Even if the exposure conditions were lowered from step 1 to step 4, which is the standard condition for ankle examination, the resolution showed no difference at 1.4 Lp/mm. It is thought that it is necessary to accumulate a lot of data by further subdividing the stage of exposure conditions according to the thickness in more areas.

scholarly journals A Study on The Minimum Exposure Dose For Image Formation In X-Ray Imaging of Extremity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 487-492
Author(s):  
Sinyoung Yu
Keyword(s):  
Standard Condition ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Exposure Condition ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Digital Detector ◽  
3D Surface ◽  
Surface Plot ◽  
Interactive 3D ◽  
Exposure Conditions

Excellent performance of the digital detector can generate medical images at a lower dose. However, if a certain level of dose exposure of the sensor detector can generate an image to recognize it. In this study, the exposure conditions of the forearm, femur, and ankle joint tests currently used in clinical trials were tested with lower doses. The resolution pattern was analyzed using the Image J program, and the results were obtained by analyzing the Interactive 3D Surface Plot. In addition, by measuring the surface dose and absorbed dose, the digital detector finds the minimum conditions to make an image, and also checks the effect of dose reduction. The image of the obtained resolution pattern was analyzed by Plot profile using Image J program. It was confirmed that the gray value width decreased at the same pixel distance as the exposure conditions decreased. Even if the exposure conditions were lowered from step 1 to step 4, which is the standard condition of the forearm test, the resolution showed no difference at 1.4 Lp/mm. In the Interactive 3D Surface Plot, as the range of the gray scale lowered the exposure condition, the shape of the surface contours gradually became blurred and the contrast of black and white shades decreased. The resolution from step 1 to step 3, which is the standard condition of the femur bone test, was 1.2 Lp/mm, indicating no difference. Even if the exposure conditions were lowered from step 1 to step 4, which is the standard condition for ankle examination, the resolution showed no difference at 1.4 Lp/mm. It is thought that it is necessary to accumulate a lot of data by further subdividing the stage of exposure conditions according to the thickness in more areas.

scholarly journals Effect of Exposure Conditions on the Interfacial Bond Properties of SS400 Plate Coated with Various Epoxy Resins

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1159
Author(s):  
Sungwon Kim ◽  
Hyemin Hong ◽  
Jun Kil Park ◽  
Sangmin Park ◽  
Seoung Ik Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Exposure Condition ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Interfacial Bond ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Exposure Conditions

This study aims to investigate the effects of different exposure conditions on the interfacial bond between steel plates and epoxy resin coatings at early ages. Test variables include the epoxy resin types, exposure conditions, exposure periods, and coating equipment. The selected epoxy resins were applied to prepared steel plates and cured at each exposure condition for 7, 28, 56, or 91 days, and the pull-off bond strength and coating thickness were measured. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were obtained to study the interfacial bond for some representative coatings. Three different exposure conditions (indoors and actual marine environment) were considered in this study. This study is also focusing on the improvement of previously developed underwater coating equipment and evaluating the performance. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the improved equipment types under different environmental conditions: indoors (tap water and seawater) and outdoor conditions. The improved equipment types were confirmed to be effective for underwater coating and easier to use than the previous equipment under real sea conditions. The experimental results also confirmed that the bond strength of the coating decreased as the curing time increased.

Visual Word Recognition in Two Facial Motion Conditions: Full-Face Versus Lips-Plus-Mandible

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1387-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn K. Marassa ◽  
Charissa R. Lansing
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Video Sequences ◽  
Exposure Condition ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Open Set ◽  
Full Face ◽  
Face Exposure ◽  
Exposure Conditions

The present study used a new method to develop video sequences that limited exposure of facial movement. A repeated-measures design was used to investigate the visual recognition of 60 monosyllabic spoken words, presented in an open set format, for two face exposure conditions (full-face vs. lips-plus-mandible). Twenty-six normal hearing college students and 4 adults with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss speechread a video laserdisc presentation of a male talker under the two face exposure conditions. Percent phoneme correct scores were similar in the part-face and full-face conditions. However, scores significantly improved for the repeated measure independent of the face exposure condition observed. The results suggested that speechreaders (a) can recognize monosyllabic words in video sequences that provide information only about movements of the lips-plus-mandible region and (b) are sensitive to practice effects.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional kinematic change of hindfoot during full weightbearing in standing: an analysis using upright computed tomography and 3D-3D surface registration

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuya Kaneda ◽  
Kengo Harato ◽  
Satoshi Oki ◽  
Tomohiko Ota ◽  
Yoshitake Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Subtalar Joint ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Surface Registration ◽  
3D Registration ◽  
Full Weightbearing ◽  
3D Surface ◽  
Asymptomatic Volunteers

Abstract Background Weightbearing of the hindfoot affects positional changes of the ankle joint and subtalar joint (ankle-joint complex [AJC]). However, it is difficult to assess the kinematic changes in the hindfoot in a natural full weightbearing condition using conventional CT or cone beam computed tomography (CT) due to limitations of acquiring foot images under a physiological weightbearing condition using those imaging modalities. Analysis of AJC kinematics using fluoroscopy and 2D-3D registration technique requires data on the number of steps and amount of time to build and match the bones. This study aimed to analyze the effect of full weightbearing on hindfoot motion when standing using upright CT and 3D-3D surface registration. Methods Forty-eight AJCs of 24 asymptomatic volunteers (13 women, 11 men) were examined under no weightbearing, 50% weightbearing, and single leg full weightbearing conditions while standing. The CT images were acquired from the distal femur to the whole foot using a 320-row upright CT scanner. The condition of each weightbearing stance was measured using a pressure mat. Bone-to-bone rotations of the talus relative to the tibia and calcaneus relative to the talus were evaluated using the surface registration technique. Image quality of the CT and intra- and interobserver reliabilities of the rotation angle were also evaluated. Results All CT images were excellent or good quality and the intra- and interobserver correlation coefficients for the angle were 0.996 and 0.995, respectively. The motion of the ankle joint and subtalar joint under 50% and 100% weightbearing were as follows (in degrees); the talus plantarflexed (5.1 ± 4.5 and 6.8 ± 4.8), inverted (1.3 ± 1.4 and 2.0 ± 1.6), and internally rotated (2.4 ± 4.2 and 4.3 ± 4.6) relative to the tibia, and the calcaneus dorsiflexed (2.8 ± 1.4 and 3.8 ± 1.7), everted (5.3 ± 2.6 and 8.0 ± 3.6), and externally rotated (3.0 ± 2.0 and 4.1 ± 2.4) relative to the talus, respectively. Conclusions The effect of weightbearing was clearly identified using an upright CT and the 3D-3D registration technique. Three-dimensional kinematics under static full weightbearing were opposite between the ankle and subtalar joints on their respective axes.

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