scholarly journals Integrated Assessment of the Southern Bug River Basin Water Quality and Calculation of their Self-Cleaning Capacity

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Statistical Parameter ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
The Self ◽  
Ecological Index ◽  
Mann Kendall Test

Purpose. To carry out the surface water quality assessment of the Southern Bug river basin and to investigate the ability of surface water to self-purify. Methods. Statistical calculations, system analysis. Results. The long-term dynamic of the integrated quality index values of the Southern Bug during 2000-2016 was heterogeneous, but the general trend indicated a slight increase due to the sanitary-ecological index and pollution index. The highest level of water pollution was observed in Khmelnytsky city and Alexandrovka settlement. To assess the self-purification capacity of surface waters, the hydrological zoning of the basin was taken. According to it three regions were identified by the types of intra-annual runoff distribution: Verkhnyobuzky, Serednyobuzky and Nizhnobuzsky. The obtained results of EC coefficient calculations for mineral nitrogen compounds show the inability of rivers to self-purify for Verkhnyobuzky and Serednyobuzky regions. Instead, the ability to self-purify is preserved for phosphorus compounds.Using the nonparametric Mann - Kendall test allowed to estimate the long - term trend of nutrients for the Nizhnobuzsky hydrological region. Trends N-NO3-, N NH4+and Р-РО43- are characterized by positive values of the statistical parameter, which means the increasing of these elements’ concentrations. Conclusions. Rivers of the Southern Bug basin are classified as "good, clean enough". The main ecological and hydrochemical problems of the river are pollution by nutrients and indicators of toxic action. The results of the self-purification criterion calculations indicate their inability (in the upper and middle parts of the basin) to self-purification. Using of the nonparametric Mann-Kendall test for determining changes in nutrient compounds shows an upward trend, that means increasing of their concentrations.

scholarly journals SCALE AND LONG-TERM DYNAMICS OF OKA RIVER BASIN POLLUTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-53
Author(s):  
R. G. Dzhamalov ◽  
◽  
K. G. Vlasov ◽  
V. Y. Grigorev ◽  
K. G. Galagur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Anthropogenic Load ◽  
Treated Wastewater

Introduction. This article addresses the long-term dynamics of Oka River basin pollution. The basin serves as the main source of drinking water and a receiver of wastewater from a number of regions in European Russia. Methods. We assessed the water quality by 12 main hydrochemical indicators and constructed maps of their distribution with a breakdown into two periods (1990–1999 and 2000–2017). The anthropogenic load along the section in the city of Gorbatov was determined. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients and their statistical significance were calculated. Results. For 18 gauging stations with 25 and more years of observations, the magnitude of the linear trend (%/year) was estimated using the Theil–Sen estimator, and the statistical significance of the linear trend (Mann–Kendall test) was assessed for individual stations and the entire basin, using a modified Walker test. The runoff of pollutants from the urban territory was estimated between the sections upstream and downstream the cities in the upper reaches of the Oka River basin. The volumes of pollutants in the Oka River from the cities of Orel, Belev and Kaluga were determined for the period of 1990–2017. The calculations of the pollutant runoff, performed between the sections upstream and downstream the cities, made it possible to determine the role of the cities in the formation of point pollution in the upper reaches of the Oka River. The anthropogenic load along the length of the river in terms of the influx of chemicals varies from “low” to “high”. The load is largely due to the intake of pollutants since water bodies and watercourses serve as receivers of both treated and insufficiently treated wastewater from various enterprises. Conclusion. Almost throughout the basin, the water quality is under stress. The statistical analysis showed the existing relationship between a certain type of land use and the concentration of substances in surface waters. It was revealed that the self-cleaning capacity of the river is sufficient to prevent pollutants from accumulating along it.

Combining Ecohydrological Catchment Modelling and Water Quality Monitoring to Assess Surface Water Pollution in the Swist River Basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Ahring ◽  
Marvin Kothe ◽  
Christian Gattke ◽  
Ekkehard Christoffels ◽  
Bernd Diekkrüger
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Quality Data

<p>Inland surface waters like rivers, streams, lakes and reservoirs are subject to anthropogenic pollutant emissions from various sources. These emissions can have severe negative impacts on surface water ecology, as well as human health when surface waters are used for recreational activities, irrigation of cropland or drinking water production. In order to protect aquatic ecosystems and freshwater resources, the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) sets specific quality requirements which the EU member states must meet until 2027 for every water body.</p><p>Implementing effective measures and emission control strategies requires knowledge about the important emission pathways in a given river basin. However, due to the abundance of pollution sources and the heterogeneity of emission pathways in time and space, it is not feasible to gain this knowledge via water quality monitoring alone. In our study, we aim to combine SWAT ecohydrological modelling and long term water quality monitoring data to establish a spatially differentiated nitrogen emission inventory on the sub-catchment scale. SWAT (short for Soil and Water Assessment Tool) is a semi-distributed, dynamic and process-driven watershed model capable of simulating long term hydrology as well as nutrient fluxes on a daily time step.</p><p>The study area is the Swist river basin in North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany). Belonging to the Rhine river system, the Swist is the largest tributary of the Erft River and drains a basin area of approximately 290 km². As part of its legal obligations and research activities, the Erftverband local waterboard collects a large variety of long term monitoring data in the Swist river catchment, which is available for this study. This includes operational data from the wastewater treatment plants in the watershed, discharge data from four stream gauging stations, river water quality data from continuous and discontinuous monitoring, groundwater quality data as well as quality data from surface, sub-surface and tile drainage runoff from various land uses.</p><p>Our contribution will be made up of two equal parts: First, we will present our water quality monitoring activities in the catchment and the related data pool outlined above, with special emphasis on recent monitoring results from agricultural tile drainages. Apart from nutrients and other pollutants, the data suggests considerable inputs of herbicide transformation products like Chloridazon-Desphenyl (maximum concentration measured: 15 µg/l) via this pathway. Second, we will explain how we integrate the monitoring data into the SWAT simulations and how we tackle related challenges like parameter equifinality (meaning that multiple parameter sets can yield similar or identical model outputs). The overall goal is to take all possible emission pathways into consideration, including those often neglected in past SWAT studies, like tile drainages and combined sewer overflows (CSO). As the Swist catchment is affected by groundwater extraction due to lignite mining in the Lower Rhine Bay area, we will discuss how this is considered during SWAT model setup and calibration, and will present first simulation results concerning catchment hydrology.</p>

Modelling the Effects of Acid Deposition: Estimation of Long-Term Water Quality Responses in Forested Catchments in Finland

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lepistö ◽  
P. G. Whitehead ◽  
C. Neal ◽  
B. J. Cosby
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
Co2 Solubility ◽  
Forested Catchments ◽  
Deposition Rates ◽  
Magic Model

A modelling study has been undertaken to investigate long-term changes in surface water quality in two contrasting forested catchments; Yli-Knuutila, with high concentrations of base cations and sulphate, in southern Finland; and organically rich, acid Liuhapuro in eastern Finland. The MAGIC model is based on the assumption that certain chemical processes (anion retention, cation exchange, primary mineral weathering, aluminium dissolution and CO2 solubility) in catchment soils are likely keys to the responses of surface water quality to acidic deposition. The model was applied for the first time to an organically rich catchment with high quantities of humic substances. The historical reconstruction of water quality at Yli-Knuutila indicates that the catchment surface waters have lost about 90 μeq l−1 of alkalinity in 140 years, which is about 60% of their preacidification alkalinity. The model reproduces the declining pH levels of recent decades as indicated by paleoecological analysis. Stream acidity trends are investigated assuming two scenarios for future deposition. Assuming deposition rates are maintained in the future at 1984 levels, the model indicates that stream pH is likely to continue to decline below presently measured levels. A 50% reduction in deposition rates would likely result in an increase in pH and alkalinity of the stream, although not to estimated preacidification levels. Because of the high load of organic acids to the Liuhapuro stream it has been acid before atmospheric pollution; a decline of 0.2 pH-units was estimated with increasing leaching of base cations from the soil despite the partial pH buffering of the system by organic compounds.

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