scholarly journals Inconstant bones of the human skulls from scythians grave field near Kolomak village

Summary: The research of the features of variant anatomy, as an integral part of paleoanthropological exploration, is an extremely important source of additional information about the anatomical structure of humans. Рatterns of variability and frequency distribution of discrete variational features in variant anatomy remain important. Cranioscopic variational (or non-metric) features - anatomical variations in the skeleton structure, registered according to the “presence-absence” principle, are an important source of information in studying the origin and ethnogenetic relationships of paleopopulations. These features include inconstant (additional) skull bones. By modern classification, there are three types of inconstant bones of the human skull: wormian (sutural) bones, fontanelle bones and insular bones. They have various causes: genetic factors, chronic high intracranial pressure, skull deformation, disturbances of the skull symmetry, different pathological processes, etc. The purpose of the work was to research the variant anatomy of inconstant bones of the human skull. The objective to research is the variant anatomy of inconstant skull bones of the human on the anthropological materials from the Scythian grave field. It located near Kolomak village in the Kharkiv region and dates back to IX – IV century BC. The 88 skulls of adult persons has been researched. The inconstant additional bones of skull were present in the structures of 16 skulls out of 88 (18.1%). Results. The sutural (wormian) bones were present in 12 skulls (13.6%), fontanelle bones – in 6 skulls (6.8%), insular bones were absent. In the anatomical structures of 10 skulls (11.4%) were only wormian bones, in 4 skulls (4.5%) were only fontanelle bones, in the structures of 2 skulls (2.3%) were combination of sutural and fontanelle additional bones. Often the inconstant bones were located in several sutures at the same time. The most common sutural bones were lambdoid suture bones - 9 skulls (10.2%). The inconstant bones of the coronal suture and sagittal suture were found in 2 skulls (2.3%). The additional bones of the occipital-mastoid, parietal-mastoid and squamosal sutures were absent on the examined osteological materials. The fontanelle bones most often located at the place of the occipital fontanellele and they were present in 4 skulls (4.5%). The additional fontanelle bones of the mastoid fontanellele were found in 2 skulls (2.3%). The frontal fontanelle bone was in 1 skull (1.1%). The additional fontanelle bones of the sphenoid fontanellele and interparietal bones were not found in the researched skulls. Conclusion. It is interesting to consider the case of combination in one skull a large inconstant bone of the sagittal suture with complete metopic (frontal) suture and occipital bone of sufficiently large size. The results of the research expanded and updated the existing data on the variant anatomy of inconstant cranial bones. Also, the results obtained maybe required in the further research of individual variability in the structure of the human’s skull.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4.2) ◽  
pp. 7814-7816
Author(s):  
Asharani S K ◽  

Background: Sutural or wormian bones are islands of bone that are commonly found in the sutures of the skull mainly along the lambdoid suture. These sutural bones which are irregular in size, shape and number may arise from separate centres of ossification. The prior knowledge about the Wormian bones is important because they are present in normal individuals as well as in various disorders such as osteogenesis imperfect, rickets, etc. Aim: To study the occurence of wormian bones in adult dry skulls Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out on 95 adult dry human skulls in the department of Anatomy, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, B G Nagara. Skulls with fractures and deformities were excluded from the study. Intact skulls were cleaned thoroughly and observed for the presence of wormian bones along the sutures of skull. Results: Out of 95 skull bones studied, 24 (25.26%) skulls showed the presence of wormian bones. We also observed that maximum number of such bones (single or multiple) were present along the lambdoid suture followed by lambda, asterion, sagittal suture & coronal suture. A very small wormian bone was also found near the bregma of the skull. Conclusion: The awareness about the occurrence of wormian bones and their topographical distribution will guide the clinicians mainly neurosurgeons in their practice. These bones mimic fracture lines in radiograph; therefore radiologists must also be aware of this normal variation. KEY WORDS: Wormian bone, Lambdoid suture, skull.


2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Poonam Verma ◽  
Anterpeet K. Arora

Los huesos wormianos son estructuras osificadas que se encuentran dentro de las suturas. En frecuencia que varían extensamente entre grupos étnicos diferentes hay más predominio entre mujeres. En el presente estudio reportamos el caso de un verdadero hueso cuadrangular interparietal o hueso inca en el cráneo humano adulto. Los huesos de wormian interparietal o los huesos epactal se diferencian de los huesos suturales sobre la base de su posición. Los huesos wormianos interparietales están localizados dentro de la región interparietal, mientras los huesos suturales son formados a partir de centros de osificación adicionales que pueden ocurrir en o cerca de las suturas. La osificación inadecuada de la región interparietal lleva a la formación de los huesos wormianos. Ellos también pueden estar relacionados con factores genéticos. El hueso interparietal es formado por la separación del segmento intermedio del plato lateral por la sutura occipital transversa, por lo tanto este hueso es formado por las placas intermedias y laterales que pueden ser únicas o múltiples. La localización de tales huesos está, sobre todo, en la parte central superior de la región interparietal. La ocurrencia de la variable del inca es rara es seres humanos. El conocimiento del hueso del inca puede ser útil a las clínicas, disciplinas de la neurocirugía, ortopedia, antropología, radiología y para los expertos forenses. Wormian bones are ossified structures that are found within the sutures. Incidence of which varies widely among different ethnic groups with more prevalence among females. In the present study we hereby report a case of single true quadrangular interparietal or inca bone in adult human skull. Wormian interparietal bones or epactal bones differ from the sutural bones on the basis of their location. The wormian interparietal bones are located within the interparietal region, while the sutural bones are formed from additional ossification centers that can occur in or near the sutures. Inadequate ossification of the interparietal region leads to the formation of interparietal or wormian bones. They may also be linked with genetic factors. The interparietal bone is formed by the separation of the intermediate segment from the lateral plate by the transverse occipital suture, hence this bone is formed by the medial and lateral plates which may be either single or multiple. The location of such bones is mostly in the upper central part of the interparietal region. The occurrence of inca bone variation is rare in humans. Knowledge of inca bone in human skulls may be useful to clinicians, disciplines of neurosurgery, orthopaedics, anthropology, radiology and for forensic experts.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
Yadav S ◽  
Pandey P ◽  
Pasricha N ◽  
Bhatnagar R

Introduction: To assess the presence of duplicated hypoglossal canal. Subjects and Methods: A total of 80 dried human skulls were collected from the Anthropology lab of the department of Anatomy K.G.M.U.,U. P., Lucknow, India. The skulls were examined for duplicated hypoglossal canal and presence of posterior condylar canal. Theskulls were closely inspected with the use of hand lens. Results: We observed bilateral duplicated hypoglossal canal in 3 skulls (3.75%), Unilateral duplication was seen in 15 skulls (18.75%) [i.e.7 on the right side and 8 on the left side]. We observed that the presence of duplicated hypoglossal canal was mostly associated with the presence of posterior condylar canal. Conclusion: Duplicated hypoglossal canal in humans may result in minor degrees of alterations in the movements of the tongue due to entrapment of nerve during ossification. The clinical relevance of this knowledge is important for radiologists and neurosurgeons.


2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3.3) ◽  
pp. 4349-4355
Author(s):  
Lekshmy Vijay. V.G ◽  
◽  
Ramakrishna Avadhani ◽  
Meera Jacob ◽  
◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Francis M. Elliott

ABSTRACTTen new early actinopterygian taxa are described from material collected from five North Lanarkshire coal shale tips in the Midland Valley of Scotland. The newly described taxa include Rhadinichthys? ornatocephalum, Rhadinichthys glabrolepis, Pseudogonatodus aurulentum, Pseudohaplolepis argentatum, Rhadinichthys? plumosum and Lanarkichthys gardineri. Also included are the haplolepids Blairolepis wallacei, Parahaplolepis poppaea, Braccohaplolepis fenestratum and Andrewsolepis lochlani. Additional information was also obtained for a further two named species, Rhadinichthys monensis Egerton and Rhadinichthys grossarti Traquair. The material used for this study was obtained from finely laminated slabs of carbonaceous shale containing incomplete and disarticulated specimens, including isolated skull dermal elements and scales preserved en masse. Using this information, the dermal skull bones of a number of taxa were reconstructed and illustrated in dorsal and lateral views. Furthermore, morphological characteristics of the skull roof of each taxon was used to obtain an appropriate dataset, in order to undertake non-vigorous phylogenic analyses to demonstrate possible relationships between the various groups within the assemblage. In addition, ossified endocranial remains from specimens of Rhadinichthys monensis were examined.


2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 468-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Mercedes M. Okumura ◽  
Célia Helena C. Boyadjian ◽  
Sabine Eggers

Auditory exostoses are bone anomalies located on the floor of the external auditory canal. They frequently develop in individuals who participate in water sports and other aquatic activities. Their etiology is probably multifactorial; development seems to be triggered by regular exposure to cold water, as well as to low air temperatures and/or cold winds. The presence of auditory exostoses has been recorded in human skull fossils that date back approximately 250,000 years. We conducted a study of auditory exostoses in 621 skulls of adult humans who had been part of a marine-dependent population that lived on the Brazilian coast between 5,400 and 800 years ago. The overall frequency of exostoses was 22%, but there was a great variance among different subgroups (0 to 56%). In this article, we propose some possible explanations for this variance. We also hope that our study will stimulate multidisciplinary research aimed at deciphering the intricate bony messages contained in cryptic archaeologic remains.


2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Rajani Singh

Anatomical variations in relation to coronary artery and its branches will help cardiac surgeons for refining imaging techniques and coronary artery bypass grafting. A heart was detected with multiple anomalies of coronary arteries in a cadaver. The anomalies of coronary arteries in terms of origin, number of ostia, courses, and presence of myocardial bridges were described, and related clinical implications were highlighted in the present study. The knowledge of variant anatomy may be of paramount importance to anatomists for variant anatomy and to cardiac surgeon for proper diagnosis and treatment of cardiac ailments including radiologists to refine image interpretation.


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