scholarly journals Why Directionality Is an Important Light Factor for Human Health to Consider in Lighting Design?

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Khademagha ◽  
Myriam Aries ◽  
Alexander Rosemann ◽  
Evert Van Loenen
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Lighting Design ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Being There ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Stimulation Of

aims at meeting human vision and health requirements. Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells (ipRGCs) appear to play an essential role in stimulation of the non-image forming effects and thus human health and well-being. There are indications that radiation incident contributes to the magnitude of these effects. This review summarizes current studies on humans and animals related to radiation directionality as well as the spatial distribution of ipRGCs on the retina. New insights can facilitate and optimize the incorporation of radiation directionality in building lighting design.

scholarly journals Stimulation of the P2X7 receptor kills rat retinal ganglion cells in vivo

2010 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiling Hu ◽  
Wennan Lu ◽  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Xiulan Zhang ◽  
Arthur J. Argall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
P2x7 Receptor ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Photosensitive Melanopsin-Containing Retinal Ganglion Cells in Health and Disease: Implications for Circadian Rhythms

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Lax ◽  
Isabel Ortuño-Lizarán ◽  
Victoria Maneu ◽  
Manuel Vidal-Sanz ◽  
Nicolás Cuenca
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Cell Alterations ◽  
Circadian Rhythm Disorders

Melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells (mRGCs) represent a third class of retinal photoreceptors involved in regulating the pupillary light reflex and circadian photoentrainment, among other things. The functional integrity of the circadian system and melanopsin cells is an essential component of well-being and health, being both impaired in aging and disease. Here we review evidence of melanopsin-expressing cell alterations in aging and neurodegenerative diseases and their correlation with the development of circadian rhythm disorders. In healthy humans, the average density of melanopsin-positive cells falls after age 70, accompanied by age-dependent atrophy of dendritic arborization. In addition to aging, inner and outer retinal diseases also involve progressive deterioration and loss of mRGCs that positively correlates with progressive alterations in circadian rhythms. Among others, mRGC number and plexus complexity are impaired in Parkinson’s disease patients; changes that may explain sleep and circadian rhythm disorders in this pathology. The key role of mRGCs in circadian photoentrainment and their loss in age and disease endorse the importance of eye care, even if vision is lost, to preserve melanopsin ganglion cells and their essential functions in the maintenance of an adequate quality of life.

Optimizing the Electrical Stimulation of Retinal Ganglion Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Hadjinicolaou ◽  
C. O. Savage ◽  
N. V. Apollo ◽  
D. J. Garrett ◽  
S. L. Cloherty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Naturalistic spatiotemporal stimulus modulation during epiretinal stimulation increases the persistence of retinal ganglion cell responsivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naïg Aurélia Ludmilla Chenais ◽  
Marta Jole Ildelfonsa Airaghi Leccardi ◽  
Diego Ghezzi
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Artificial Vision ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Electric Pulses ◽  
Retinal Stimulation ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Stimulus Modulation ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Blind Patients

AbstractObjectiveRetinal stimulation in blind patients evokes the sensation of discrete points of light called phosphenes, which allows them performing visual guided tasks, such as orientation, navigation, object recognition, object manipulation and reading. However, the clinical benefit of artificial vision in profoundly blind patients is still tenuous, as several engineering and biophysical obstacles keep it away from natural perception. The relative preservation of the inner retinal neurons in hereditary degenerative retinal diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa, supports artificial vision through the network-mediated stimulation of retinal ganglion cells. However, the response of retinal ganglion cells to repeated electrical stimulation rapidly declines, primarily because of the intrinsic desensitisation of their excitatory network. In patients, upon repetitive stimulation, phosphenes fade out in less than half of a second, which drastically limits the understanding of the percept.ApproachA more naturalistic stimulation strategy, based on spatiotemporal modulation of electric pulses, could overcome the desensitisation of retinal ganglion cells. To investigate this hypothesis, we performed network-mediated epiretinal stimulations paired to electrophysiological recordings in retinas explanted from both male and female retinal degeneration 10 mice.Main resultsThe results showed that the spatial and temporal modulation of the network-mediated epiretinal stimulation prolonged the responsivity of retinal ganglion cells from 400 ms up to 4.2 s.SignificanceA time-varied, non-stationary and interrupted stimulation of the retinal network, mimicking involuntary microsaccades, might reduce the fading of the visual percept and improve the clinical efficacy of retinal implants.

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