Changes in skeletal muscle heat shock proteins: Pathological significance

Best known as chaperones, heat shock proteins (HSPs) also have roles in cell signalling and regulation of metabolism. Rodent studies demonstrate that heat treatment, transgenic overexpression and pharmacological induction of HSP72 prevent high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance and skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Overexpression of skeletal muscle HSP72 in mice has been shown to increase endurance running capacity nearly twofold and increase mitochondrial content by 50%. A positive correlation between HSP72 mRNA expression and mitochondrial enzyme activity has been observed in human skeletal muscle, and HSP72 expression is markedly decreased in skeletal muscle of insulin resistant and type 2 diabetic patients. In addition, decreased levels of HSP72 correlate with insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression in livers from obese patients. These data suggest the targeted induction of HSPs could be a therapeutic approach for preventing metabolic disease by maintaining the body's natural stress response. Exercise elicits a number of metabolic adaptations and is a powerful tool in the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance. Exercise training is also a stimulus for increased HSP expression. Although the underlying mechanism(s) for exercise-induced HSP expression are currently unknown, the HSP response may be critical for the beneficial metabolic effects of exercise. Exercise-induced extracellular HSP release may also contribute to metabolic homeostasis by actively restoring HSP72 content in insulin resistant tissues containing low endogenous levels of HSPs. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Heat shock proteins as modulators and therapeutic targets of chronic disease: an integrated perspective’.

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Preservation of skeletal muscle by the heat shock proteins following frostbite injury

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.1200.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 27 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Ruben Mestril ◽

Colin Schweigert ◽

Jason Batey ◽

Tomas Liskutin ◽

John Baldwin

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Heat Shock ◽

Heat Shock Proteins ◽

Shock Proteins

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Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Skeletal Muscle

Skeletal Muscle - From Myogenesis to Clinical Relations ◽

10.5772/47815 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Thiago Gomes ◽

Sofia Pizzato ◽

Mirna Stela ◽

Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt Jr.

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Heat Shock ◽

Heat Shock Proteins ◽

Shock Proteins

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Potential Cytoprotective Effects of Heat Shock Proteins to Skeletal Muscle

Heat Shock Proteins - Heat Shock Protein-Based Therapies ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-17211-8_7 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 119-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John P. Vardiman ◽

Philip M. Gallagher ◽

Jacob A. Siedlik

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Heat Shock ◽

Heat Shock Proteins ◽

Shock Proteins

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Heat shock proteins and exercise: a primer

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/h08-069 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 1050-1075 ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

Earl G. Noble ◽

Kevin J. Milne ◽

C.W. James Melling

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Heat Shock ◽

Heat Shock Proteins ◽

Ion Channel ◽

The Other ◽

Cellular Environment ◽

Shock Proteins ◽

Fertile Area ◽

Area Of Study

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are, in general, prosurvival molecules within the cellular environment, and the overexpression of even just 1 family of HSPs can lead to protection against and improvements after a variety of stressors. Not surprisingly, a fertile area of study has grown out of effors to exploit the innate biologic behaviour of HSPs. Exercise, because of the inherent physiologic stresses associated with it, is but 1 stimulus that can result in a robust increase in various HSPs in several tissues, not the least of which happen to be the heart and skeletal muscle. The purpose of this review is to introduce the reader to the major HSP families, the control of their expression, and some of their biologic functions, specifically with respect to the influence of exercise. Moreover, as the first in a series of reviews from a common symposium, we will briefly introduce the concepts presented by the other authors, which include the effects of different exercise paradigms on skeletal muscle HSPs in the adult and aged systems, HSPs as regulators of inflammation, and the ion channel stabilizing effects of HSPs.

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