scholarly journals The determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations of selected antimicrobials for porcine Haemophilus parasuis isolates from the Czech Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-181
Author(s):  
Kateřina Nedbalcová ◽  
Monika Zouharová ◽  
Daniel Šperling
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Haemophilus Parasuis ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Treatment Of Infection

Haemophilus parasuisisolates obtained from pigs in the Czech Republic were tested for their susceptibility to amoxicillin, penicillin, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, tetracycline, and tulathromycin by determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations using the broth microdilution method. TheH. parasuisisolates were mostly susceptible to majority of tested antimicrobials (amoxicillin 90%, penicillin 73.3%, enrofloxacin 83.3%, and tulathromycin 83.3%). All isolates were susceptible to ceftiofur. On the other hand, no isolate was susceptible to tetracycline, 30% of tested isolates were intermediately susceptible, and 70% were resistant. These findings indicate that tested antimicrobials with the exception of tetracycline should be the preferred option used for the treatment of infection caused byH. parasuisbut due to the potential transmission of resistance from animals to humans, the use of ceftiofur is considered as a last resort option in antimicrobial treatment of animals.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pasteurella multocida and Haemophilus parasuis isolates associated with porcine pneumonia

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateřina Nedbalcová ◽  
Zdeňka Kučerová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Haemophilus Parasuis ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
High Level ◽  
Resistance Rates

Pasteurella multocidaandHaemophilus parasuispig isolates obtained in the Czech Republic were tested for their susceptibility against selected antimicrobial agents by broth microdilution method between 2008 and 2011. A low degree of resistance was observed for ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ceftiofur, tulathromycin, tilmicosin, florfenicol and enrofloxacin in 20 (6.0%), 15 (4.5 %), 2 (0.6%), 8 (2.4%), 13 (3.9%), 5 (1.5%) and 5 (1.5%)P. multocidaisolates as well as for tiamulin, gentamicin, tulathromycin, tilmicosin and ampicillin in 2 (2.4%), 2 (2.4%), 3 (3.6%), 3 (3.6%) and 6 (7.2%)H. parasuisisolates. In addition, moderate level of resistance to tiamulin was found in 60 (18.1%)P. multocidaisolates and high level of resistance for tetracycline was detected in 107 (32.2 %)P. multocidaisolates and in 23 (27.7 %)H. parasuisisolates. Differences between resistance rates ofP. multocidaandH. parasuiswere significant (P≤ 0.5) only for tiamulin. These data confirmed that antimicrobial resistance is not very widespread among current porcineP. multocidaandH. parasuisisolates in the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Investigation of Whether CLSI Broth Microdilution Method is Applicable for MICs Determination of Enterococcus species

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 225-232
Author(s):  
Takeshi HASHIMOTO ◽  
Sayaka HASHIMOTO ◽  
Manabu MATSUZAKI ◽  
Yoshihiro SEKIGUCHI ◽  
Yoshiyasu HASHIMOTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Species ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

scholarly journals Determination of CEM-101 Activity Tested against Clinical Isolates of Neisseria meningitidis from a Worldwide Collection

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 4009-4011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas J. Biedenbach ◽  
Mariana Castanheira ◽  
Ronald N. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

ABSTRACT The activity of CEM-101, a fluoroketolide, was compared to those of 11 other antimicrobial agents using the reference broth microdilution method tested against 103 Neisseria meningitidis strains, including ciprofloxacin-nonsusceptible isolates with confirmed gyr A (T91I) mutations. Among the tested isolates, 79.6% were serogroup B or C and all isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone, azithromycin, minocycline, and rifampin. However, penicillin-nonsusceptible strains were observed (15.5%) and susceptibility to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was only 50.5%. CEM-101 was the most active macrolide-like compound (MIC90, ≤0.015 μg/ml) compared with MIC90s of telithromycin (MIC90, 0.03 μg/ml), azithromycin and clarithromycin (MIC90, 0.12 μg/ml), and erythromycin (MIC90, 0.25 μg/ml). CEM-101 could provide a potent alternative for the prophylaxis of meningococcal disease.

scholarly journals Management of Cosmetic Embarrassment Caused byMalasseziaspp. with Fruticose LichenCladiaUsing Phylogenetic Approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Pandey ◽  
Rohit K. Mishra ◽  
Amit K. Tiwari ◽  
Awadhesh Kumar ◽  
A. K. Bajaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seborrheic Dermatitis ◽  
Pityriasis Versicolor ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Fruticose Lichen ◽  
The Cost

During anti-Malasseziascreening of plants by CLSI broth microdilution method,Cladia aggregata(Swartz) Nyl. (family Cladoniaceae), a fruticose lichen from Sikkim (northeast Himalayan region), has been found effective at minimum inhibitory concentrations (mg/mL) of 2.72, 0.63, and 1.28 against yeast-like fungi namely,M. furfur, M. globosaandM. sympodialis,respectively. These test pathogens are responsible for pityriasis versicolor (PV) and seborrheic dermatitis (SD) in humans. We tried to establish the reason for variable MICs against variousMalasseziaspp. using bioinformatical tools, thereby reducing the cost of the experimentation. This is the first report on anti-Malasseziaactivity ofC. aggregataand thus can serve as a potential source for the development of cosmaceuticals.

scholarly journals Ugotavljanje sposobnosti prilagoditve listerij na benzalkonijev klorid z določanjem njegove minimalne inhibitorne koncentracije

2019 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Monika PODPAC ◽  
Barbara JERŠEK
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

<p>Bacteria of the genus <em>Listeria</em> pose a problem in the food industry due to their wide distribution and their good survival in adverse conditions. <em>L. monocytogenes</em> (E. Murray et al. 1926) Pirie 1940 is human pathogen, while <em>L. innocua</em> Seeliger (ATCC<sup>®</sup> 33090<sup>™</sup>) as not pathogenic bacteria is the most often found listeria in food production environment. Disinfectants represents an important part of <em>Listeria</em> management in food processing environments and benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is used frequently. The purpose of the work was to determine whether strains of listeria can adapt to BAC. To carry out the adaptation, a precise determination of antibacterial activity of BAC was needed. Firstly minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC<sub>MTP</sub>) of BAC was determined with broth microdilution method for each <em>Listeria</em> strain. Then, we checked whether MIC<sub>MTP</sub> was indeed the lowest concentration of BAC, which had an influence on growth of strains with growth curves. We found out that growth inhibitory effect (MIC<sub>GC</sub>) was achieved at concentrations of BAC that were lower than MIC<sub>MTP</sub> (0.1-0.5x of MIC<sub>MTP</sub> values). Adaptation of listeria to BAC was therefore performed by using 0.25x MIC<sub>GC</sub> as the initial BAC concentration. Results showed that 50 % of the strains were able to adapt to BAC, and in <em>L. monocytogenes</em> ŽM500 this adaptation was even stable. The broth microdilution method was useful for approximate assessment of antimicrobial activity of BAC, while for the more precise determination of disinfectant activity it is necessary to determine it by using another method such as plate count method.</p>

scholarly journals Comparison of In Vitro Activities of ABT-773 and Telithromycin against Macrolide-Susceptible and -Resistant Streptococci and Staphylococci

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 783-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia D. Shortridge ◽  
Ping Zhong ◽  
Zhensheng Cao ◽  
Jill M. Beyer ◽  
Laurel S. Almer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Ribosomal Protein ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

ABSTRACT The activity of a new ketolide, ABT-773, was compared to the activity of the ketolide telithromycin (HMR-3647) against over 600 gram-positive clinical isolates, including 356 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 167 Staphylococcus aureus, and 136 Streptococcus pyogenes isolates. Macrolide-susceptible isolates as well as macrolide-resistant isolates with ribosomal methylase (Erm), macrolide efflux (Mef), and ribosomal mutations were tested using the NCCLS reference broth microdilution method. Both compounds were extremely active against macrolide-susceptible isolates, with the minimum inhibitory concentrations at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited (MIC90s) for susceptible streptococci and staphylococci ranging from 0.002 to 0.03 μg/ml for ABT-773 and 0.008 to 0.06 μg/ml for telithromycin. ABT-773 had increased activities against macrolide-resistant S. pneumoniae (Erm MIC90, 0.015 μg/ml; Mef MIC90, 0.12 μg/ml) compared to those of telithromycin (Erm MIC90, 0.12 μg/ml; Mef MIC90, 1 μg/ml). Both compounds were active against strains with rRNA or ribosomal protein mutations (MIC90, 0.12 μg/ml). ABT-773 was also more active against macrolide-resistant S. pyogenes (ABT-773 Erm MIC90, 0.5 μg/ml; ABT-773 Mef MIC90, 0.12 μg/ml; telithromycin Erm MIC90, >8 μg/ml; telithromycin Mef MIC90, 1.0 μg/ml). Both compounds lacked activity against constitutive macrolide-resistant Staphylococcus aureus but had good activities against inducibly resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ABT-773 MIC90, 0.06 μg/ml; telithromycin MIC90, 0.5 μg/ml). ABT-773 has superior activity against macrolide-resistant streptococci compared to that of telithromycin.

scholarly journals Resistance to erythromycin of Staphylococcus spp. isolates from the food chain

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Schlegelova ◽  
H. Vlkova ◽  
V. Babak ◽  
M. Holasova ◽  
Z. Jaglic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
Efflux Mechanism ◽  
High Level

The aim of this study was to determine both the occurrence and the genetic basis of resistance to erythromycin among 1 235 <I>Staphylococcus</I> spp. isolates obtained between 2000 and 2006 from (a) raw milk and meat (1 704 samples), (b) foodstuffs produced from these (451 samples), and (c) contact surfaces at processing plants and dairy farms (363 samples) in the Czech Republic. Isolates were screened by broth microdilution method for resistance to erythromycin and further 11 antimicrobial agents. In addition, isolates were screened by agar dilution (erythromycin range 1–128 mg/l) and D-zone test for inducible resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramin B (iMLS<sub>B</sub>). Forty isolates were found to be either resistant, or intermediate, to erythromycin (3.2% of isolates); of these, more than 50% were identified as <I>S. epidermidis</I>. A total of 15 (1.2%) resistant isolates of staphylococci originated from foodstuffs. Resistance mediated by methylation – i.e. iMLS<sub>B</sub>-resistance (10 isolates with the <I>erm</I>(A) or <I>erm</I> (C) gene) and constitutive MLS<sub>B</sub>-resistance (one isolate with the <I>erm</I> (B) and <I>erm</I> (C) genes) – exhibited a significantly high level of resistance to erythromycin with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 64 – >128 mg/l (MIC<sub>mode</sub> = >128 mg/l). In contrast, the efflux mechanism encoded by the <I>msr</I>(A) gene (13 isolates; MIC<sub>range</sub> = 4–128, MIC<sub>mode</sub> = 128 mg/l), the inactivation mechanisms of resistance encoded by the <I>mph</I>(C) gene (three isolates; MIC<sub>range</sub> = 8–32 mg/l), and/or their combination (13 isolates; MIC<sub>range</sub> = 4–128, MIC<sub>mode</sub> = 64 mg/l) led to lower MIC values. The efflux gene <iomsr</I>(A) dominated among the erythromycin-resistant isolates (65% of resistant isolates). This first report on the resistance of <I>Staphylococcus</I> spp. to erythromycin in the Czech Republic illustrates that, while occurrence was low, isolates from food were nevertheless carriers of <I>erm</I> (A), <I>erm</I> (B), <I>erm</I> (C),<I> msr</I>(A) and <I>mph</I>(C) genes for resistance to erythromycin and, therefore, represent a potential thread to humans.

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