scholarly journals Asymptomatic Leishmania infantum infections in humans living in endemic and non-endemic areas of Croatia, 2007 to 2009

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (29) ◽  
pp. 20533 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Šiško-Kraljević ◽  
A Jerončić ◽  
B Mohar ◽  
V Punda-Polić
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Endemic Areas

Periodic administration of allopurinol is not effective for the prevention of canine leishmaniosis (Leishmania infantum) in the endemic areas

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manolis N. Saridomichelakis ◽  
Mathios E. Mylonakis ◽  
Leonidas S. Leontides ◽  
Charalambos Billinis ◽  
Alexander F. Koutinas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Canine Leishmaniosis ◽  
Periodic Administration ◽  
Endemic Areas

scholarly journals Clinical, haematological and biochemical findings in tigers infected by Leishmania infantum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Alfonsa Cavalera ◽  
Roberta Iatta ◽  
Pietro Laricchiuta ◽  
Giuseppe Passantino ◽  
Francesca Abramo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Cutaneous Lesion ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Clinicopathological Findings ◽  
Group A ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background A large number of animal species are susceptible to Leishmania infantum (Kinetoplastida, Trypanosomatidae) in endemic areas, including domestic and wild felids such as tigers (Panthera tigris). Knowledge on the infection of this endangered species is still at its infancy, and therefore this study aims to identify clinical presentation and clinicopathological findings of tigers naturally infected by L. infantum. Results Tigers either L. infantum-positive (group A) or -negative (group B) were apparently healthy or presented visceral leishmaniasis unrelated conditions, except for one animal in which a large non-healing cutaneous lesion was observed. However, histological exam and immunohistochemistry carried out on the lesion excluded the presence of L. infantum amastigotes. Biochemical analysis showed that the average concentration of total proteins, globulins and haptoglobin were significantly higher (p<0.01, p=0.01 and p=0.02, respectively), while the albumin/globulin ratio significantly lower (p=0.05) in group A compared with group B. The biochemical alterations were partially confirmed by the serum protein electrophoresis results revealing a significant increase in the total protein value (p=0.01) and hypergammaglobulinemia (p=0.03) but an unmodified albumin/globulin ratio in group A.Conclusions In this study tigers infected by L. infantum have shown to be mainly asymptomatic. The absence of clinical signs may lead veterinarians to overlook leishmaniasis in animals kept in captivity. Therefore, diagnostic and screening tests as serology should be part of routinely surveillance programs to be performed on tigers in zoological gardens located in endemic areas. Though only few protein-related laboratory abnormalities were recorded in infected animals, they could provide diagnostic clues for a first suspicion of L. infantum infection in tigers. Indeed, considering the high risk of zoonotic transmission in heavily frequented environment as zoos, a prompt diagnosis of L. infantum infection is of pivotal importance.

Leishmania infantum-specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 antibody responses in healthy and ill dogs from endemic areas

2001 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laia Solano-Gallego ◽  
Cristina Riera ◽  
Xavier Roura ◽  
Laura Iniesta ◽  
Montserrat Gallego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Igg2 Antibody ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Endemic Areas

scholarly journals Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum/chagasi: Histopathological aspects of the skin in naturally infected dogs in two endemic areas

2010 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.S. Calabrese ◽  
V.M.C.L. Cortada ◽  
M.E.C. Dorval ◽  
M.A.A. Souza Lima ◽  
E.T. Oshiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Leishmania Infantum Chagasi ◽  
Endemic Areas

scholarly journals Efficacy of afoxolaner (NexGard®) in preventing the transmission of Leishmania infantum and Dirofilaria immitis to sheltered dogs in a highly endemic area

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossella Panarese ◽  
Roberta Iatta ◽  
Jairo Alfonso Mendoza-Roldan ◽  
Andrea Zatelli ◽  
Frederic Beugnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Endemic Areas

Abstract Background Leishmania infantum and Dirofilaria immitis are among the most important canine vector-borne pathogens (CVBPs) of zoonotic concern in Europe. In endemic areas for both of these CVBPs, the use of systemic ectoparasiticides, such as afoxolaner (NexGard®; Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health), may have the potential for controlling these infections. The aim of this study was to assess, for the first time, the insecticidal efficacy of NexGard® in decreasing the transmission of D. immitis and L. infantum to sheltered dogs living in a hyperendemic area, compared to the year before treatment, as well as its impact on the abundance of mosquito and sand fly populations. Methods All dogs (n = 179) enrolled in the study were divided into two groups based on their infection status at enrollment: a non-infected group (G1) and an infected group (G2; infected with D. immitis, L. infantum or both). The study was conducted from March 2020 to March 2021. In order to exclude all animals infected with L. infantum and D. immitis before March 2020 (sampling time: T0), dogs in G1 were sampled in June (T1; i.e. T0 + 90 days) and in October 2020 (T2; i.e. T0 + 210 days). From March to September 2020, all animals (G1 and G2) were weighed and treated monthly with NexGard®. Animals in G1 were tested for the last time in March 2021 (T3; i.e. T0 + 330 days) for assessing post-treatment incidence rate of infection and prevention efficacy. Results The post-treatment incidence of D. immitis was 3.7% (1/27; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.2–18.1) and that of L. infantum was 3.6% (3/83; 95% CI: 1.0–10.1). Considering the annual incidence in 2019 and 2020, the protective efficacy against D. immitis and L. infantum infections was 94.2 and 64%, respectively. Of the female mosquitoes collected (n = 146), only one pool out of 50 tested positive for D. immitis DNA, whereas out of 1252 female Sergentomya minuta specimens collected, only four tested positive for L. infantum (0.3%). Conclusions Afoxolaner is efficacious in decreasing the rate of transmission of both D. immitis and L. infantum; however, comparison of the pre- and post-treatment period demonstrated that there was a significant difference only in the seasonal incidences of D. immitis infection. Preventive measures are recommended throughout the year in endemic areas to reduce the risk of pathogen transmission to animals and humans. Graphical abstract

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document