scholarly journals Mechanistic Insights Into Why Radiation Dose Matters? It Matters Most Because of Adaptive Responses at Low Radiation Doses

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 1778-1779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Pennington
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Low Radiation Doses

scholarly journals The Lowest Radiation Dose Having Molecular Changes in the Living Body

Dose-Response ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 155932581877732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko Shimura ◽  
Shuji Kojima
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Fast Neutrons ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
High Background ◽  
Molecular Changes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Living Body

We herein attempted to identify the lowest radiation dose causing molecular changes in the living body. We investigated the effects of radiation in human cells, animals, and humans. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) formed in cells at γ- or X-ray irradiation doses between 1 mGy and 0.5 Gy; however, the extent of DSB formation differed depending on the cell species. The formation of micronuclei (MNs) and nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) was noted at radiation doses between 0.1 and 0.2 Gy. Stress-responsive genes were upregulated by lower radiation doses than those that induced DNA DSBs or MN and NPBs. These γ- or X-ray radiation doses ranged between approximately 10 and 50 mGy. In animals, chromosomal aberrations were detected between 50 mGy and 0.1 Gy of low linear energy transfer radiation, 0.1 Gy of metal ion beams, and 9 mGy of fast neutrons. In humans, DNA damage has been observed in children who underwent computed tomography scans with an estimated blood radiation dose as low as 0.15 mGy shortly after examination. The frequencies of chromosomal translocations were lower in residents of high background areas than in those of control areas. In humans, systemic adaptive responses may have been prominently expressed at these radiation doses.

scholarly journals Considering Existing Factors That May Cause Radiation Hormesis at <100 mSv and Obey the Linear No-Threshold Theory at ≥100 mSv

Challenges ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Katsuhito Kino ◽  
Takayuki Ohshima ◽  
Hajime Takeuchi ◽  
Takanobu Kobayashi ◽  
Taishu Kawada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Mathematical Function ◽  
Radiation Hormesis ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Threshold Theory ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Radiation Doses

The linear no-threshold (LNT) theory describes the linear relationship between a radiation dose and its effects. However, whether the linear relationship is maintained at low radiation doses has yet to be determined. Many previous studies support the radiation hormesis theory, which states that radiation has beneficial effects on health. In this viewpoint, we propose a mathematical function fitted to a model consistent with both the LNT at ≥100 mSv and radiation hormesis theories at <100 mSv, and the model requires a factor whose amount or activity takes a mountain-like shape versus the radiation dose and have one maximum value at 40.9 mSv. We searched a wide range of factors with these features based on searches on PubMed, and then evaluated whether these factors were suitable candidates consistent with both the LNT and radiation hormesis theories. Our consideration indicated that these factors did not completely follow the equation suggested at this time. Of course, other theories do not deny that these factors are involved in hormesis. However, based on our theory, still unknown factors may be involved in radiation hormesis, and then such unknown factors which are activated at <100 mSv should be searched.

The Employment of 197Hg EDTA in Kidney Scanning

1965 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
I. Pál ◽  
J. Földes ◽  
I. Krasznai
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Intravenous Pyelography ◽  
Edta Complex

SummaryThe authors investigated the use of 197Hg EDTA complex for kidney scanning. They describe the physical, biological and toxicological properties of the compound; its distribution within the organism, its excretion with urine and faeces and its uptake by the kidneys. The authors have established that the renal cortex selectively secretes the material which makes it suitable for kidney scanning. Some scintigrams of both normal and pathologic kidneys are presented.Finally a detailed discussion of the dosimetry is included. The radiation doses due to 197Hg EDTA are compared with those due to 203Hg-neohydrin and to intravenous pyelography. This comparison shows clearly that the use of 197Hg EDTA considerably decreases the radiation dose to the patient.

Effect of low radiation doses on microbe population in space stations

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
V.V. Tsetlin ◽  
◽  
E.A. Deshevaya ◽  
N.D. Novikova ◽  
N.A. Polikarpov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Low Radiation Doses ◽  
Microbe Population

Radiation Minimisation and Outcome Maximisation in Cardiac Computed Tomograpy

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
James P Earls ◽  
Jonathon A Leipsic ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Dose Reduction ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cardiac Computed Tomography ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Tube Current ◽  
Prospective Triggering ◽  
Effective Radiation ◽  
Selection Of

Recent reports have raised general awareness that cardiac computed tomography (CT) has the potential for relatively high effective radiation doses. While the actual amount of risk this poses to the patient is controversial, the increasing concern has led to a great deal of research on new CT techniques capable of imaging the heart at substantially lower radiation doses than was available only a few years ago. Methods of dose reduction include optimised selection of user-defined parameters, such as tube current and voltage, as well as use of new technologies, such as prospective triggering and iterative reconstruction. These techniques have each been shown to lead to substantial reduction in radiation dose without loss of diagnostic accuracy. This article will review the most frequently used and widely available methods for radiation dose reduction in cardiac CT and give practical advice on their use and limitations.

scholarly journals Optimal Radiation Dose For Stage III Lung Cancer – Should “Definitive” Radiation Doses Be Used in the Pre-Operative Setting?

2021 ◽  
pp. 100201
Author(s):  
Areo G. Saffarzadeh ◽  
Maureen Canavan ◽  
Benjamin J. Resio ◽  
Samantha L. Walters ◽  
Kaitlin M. Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Radiation Doses

Diagnostic Reference Levels for Common Orthopedic Hand and Wrist Procedures Using Intraoperative mini C-arm Fluoroscopy

Hand ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 155894472199425
Author(s):  
Kiran R. Madhvani ◽  
Matthew J. R. Clark ◽  
Alex A. J. Kocheta
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Fracture Fixation ◽  
Wrist Fracture ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Diagnostic Reference Levels ◽  
Reference Levels ◽  
Audit Data ◽  
Small Joint ◽  
Open Fixation ◽  
Phalangeal Fracture

Background: Diagnostic reference levels are radiation dose levels in medical radiodiagnostic practices for typical examinations for groups of standard-sized individuals for broadly defined types of equipment. This study aimed to contribute to national diagnostic reference levels for common hand and wrist procedures using mini C-arm fluoroscopy. Small joint and digital fracture procedure diagnostic reference levels have not been reported in significant numbers previously with procedure-level stratification. Methods: Data were collected from fluoroscopy logbooks and were cross-referenced against the audit log kept on fluoroscopy machines. A total of 603 procedures were included. Results: The median radiation dose for wrist fracture open fixation was 2.73 cGycm2, Kirschner wiring (K-wiring) procedures was 2.36 cGycm2, small joint arthrodesis was 1.20 cGycm2, small joint injections was 0.58 cGycm2, and phalangeal fracture fixation was 1.05 cGycm2. Conclusions: Wrist fracture fixation used higher radiation doses than phalangeal fracture fixation, arthrodeses, and injections. Injections used significantly less radiation than the other procedures. There are significant differences in total radiation doses when comparing these procedures in hand and wrist surgery. National and international recommendations are that institutional audit data should be collected regularly and should be stratified by procedure type. This study helps to define standards for this activity by adding to the data available for wrist fracture diagnostic reference levels and defining standards for digital and injection procedures.

Estimation of Radiation Doses in X-Ray Visualization of Biological Objects

2014 ◽  
Vol 880 ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Stuchebrov ◽  
Andrey Batranin ◽  
Dan Verigin ◽  
Yelena Lukyanenko ◽  
Maria Siniagina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Biological Object ◽  
Gas Discharge ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Semiconductor Detectors ◽  
Interior Structure ◽  
Dose Calculations ◽  
Object Control ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Biological Objects

Two setups for X-ray visualization of objects interior structure were designed and assembled in TPU. These radiographic systems are based on linear gas-discharge and GaAs semiconductor detectors. During investigation of biological object control of radiation doses has a high priority. In this report radiation dose calculations in X-ray visualization are presented. These calculation also includes dose calculations of sinograms which are used for reconstruction of tomography slices.

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