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Published By Co. Ltd. Ukrinformnauka

1561-8889, 1561-8889

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
F.I. Bushuev ◽  
◽  
M.P. Kaliuzhnyi ◽  
N.A. Kulichenko ◽  
A.V. Shulga ◽  
...  

During the decade of research, the Research Institute “Mykolaiv Astronomical Observatory” (RI “MAO”) developed hardware and software for monitoring, extracting, and calculating the parameters of meteor phenomena using the forward scattering by meteor ionized trail of the signals of over-the-horizon FM-stations broadcasted in the frequency range of 88—108 MHz. This allowed creating a network of observations of meteor phenomena in the radio range, which consists of six stations located in Mykolaiv (three stations), Rivne, Lviv, and Hlukhiv. The stations have identical hardware and software. Yagi-Uda antennas with six or eight horizontal vibrators and SDR receivers based at RTR2832U microchip are used to receive radio signals. The station software performs continuous registration and analysis of received radio signals at the output of quadrature detectors of the receivers, automatic detection of moments of appearances of meteor reflections, formation, and sending by e-mail daily reports on detected meteor phenomena. Equipment setup and current monitoring of stations operations are carried out by the RI «MAO» using remote access to station computers via the Internet. Monthly reports on the number of meteor events recorded by each station are posted on the site of Radio Meteor Observation Bulletin (RMOB). The article presents the results, obtained by the network in 2017—2019, confirming a correspondence of daily variations in the number of meteors registered by network stations, to the known dependence (observation of meteors in the apex and antapex), as well as a correspondence between the expected characteristics (in time and intensity) of three meteor showers (Perseids, Geminids and Quadrantids) and that had been obtained by the network. Recommendations are also given in the article for additional research aimed at achieving the main goal, namely, expanding information about meteor phenomena, including the estimating of kinematic parameters (velocities, radiants) of meteoroids and their relationship with potentially hazardous asteroids.


2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
О.М. Kozhukhov ◽  

Observation of Low-Earth-Orbit space objects by optical sensors (telescopes) is a rather complex task that requires equipment with appropriate characteristics. Througput can be considered as one of the main characteristics of optical sensors for observing Low-Earth-Orbit space objects. An approach to the theoretical estimation of the optical telescope’s throughput when observing Low-Earth Orbit space objects is proposed in the paper. It is based on the representation of the telescope as a queuing system. The queuing system can be of various types depending on the observation methods that are used. The input flow in this queuing system is the flow of Low-Earth Orbit space objects’ passes through the viewing area of the telescope, and the output flow is the flow of observed passes. The average total time spent for observing one Low-Earth Orbit space object is taken as the average service time. Quantitative characteristics of these values can be obtained by simulating the Low-Earth Orbit space objects’ passes through the telescope's viewing area. The throughput of the queuing system was chosen as the main estimated characteristic. An example of evaluating the characteristics of such a queuing system is given. It is based on the “Sazhen-S” quantum optical station of the Centre for Special Data Reception and Processing and Navigating Field Control of the National Space Facilities Control and Test Center of State Space Agency of Ukraine. Possible ways of increasing the throughput of “Sazhen-S” quantum optical station according to the observation of Low-Earth Orbit space objects are proposed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-27
Author(s):  
Yu.N. Lavrich ◽  
◽  
S.V. Plaksin ◽  
L.M. Pogorelaja ◽  
N.I. Bistrov ◽  
...  

Context. The space control radar stations carry out the extremely important functions, therefore, they must be extremely reliable, and ensuring reliability is one of the key requirements at all stages of their life cycle. Objective. The goal of the work is the analyzing some aspects of ensuring reliability, caused by the peculiarities of the process of developing and manufacturing radar stations monitoring space, justifying the possibility of using the experience of a domestic developer in solving reliability problems in new samples. Method. A comparative analysis of the methods of development, manufacturing and testing of complex technical systems, existing standards and the standard of the Chief Designer are used in the work. Results. Some of the characteristic features of space control radar stations are given: uniqueness, single production, low repeatability and a large range, the impossibility of manufacturing and testing functionally complete systems directly under the manufacturer’s conditions. A number of features of design and manufacturing according to the standard of the Main Designer, which are absent in the existing standards, are considered, the necessity of developing new regulatory documents that take into account the specifics of the design and manufacture of space control radar stations is justified. From an applied point of view, a number of specific scientific and practical solutions for ensuring the reliability of space control radar stations of a domestic developer which may be used in further developments are presented. It has been established that many terms in the modern theory of reliability do not have an applied focus and do not allow increasing the accuracy of classifying the state of an object. It is shown that the creation of new generations of space monitoring radar stations is accompanied by the emergence of new scientific and practical tasks unknown to science, the solution of which is connected with the use of new scientific ideas and with the own developments of component elements. It is shown that the use of co-temporal elemental base in the design of space monitoring radar creates difficulties in ensuring the reliability of hierarchical levels, since testing by existing standards is possible only for lower levels of hierarchy. It is established that the existing standards of general technical requirements and methods of control and testing for products and radar stations are not always identical and it is impossible to ensure, that applying a highly reliable element base, we shall receive the same radar station reliability. Obviously, the new stage of ensuring reliability must be associated with the individual reliability of the elements themselves. It justifies the importance of the scientific task associated with the choice of control parameters of the modern generation of radar stations in the conditions of the impossibility of applying traditional control, which requires the interruption of their operation. The temperature as a function of time is proposed as a parameter for estimating the state of products. A number of ways to ensure the reliability of new generations of space monitoring radar stations based on the use of new information signals, as well as reliability models built into the element base for creating a system for collecting, storing and analyzing information — the same for all stages of the radio electronic equipment. Conclusions. Taking into account the features of the design and manufacture of space monitoring radar stations and the practical experience of a domestic developer to solve reliability problems will ensure the creation of technology of highly reliable generations of space control radars and the development of stations of “high factory readiness”.


2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-75
Author(s):  
V.P. Vlasenko ◽  
◽  
V.M. Mamarev ◽  
V.V. Ozhynsky ◽  
O.M. Ulyanov ◽  
...  

2020 was the year of introduction of the Ukrainian new generation radio telescope RT-32 into the experimental operation. The test results of maser hydrogen and hydroxyl lines obtained during the experimental operation confirmed the correctness of the calculations and technological solutions of Ukrainian scientists and manufacturers Consortium. One of the further development directions of RT-32 as a radio astronomical research tool is to increase the accuracy of pointing the radio telescope to radio astronomical sources. One of the further development directions of RT-32 as a radio astronomical research tool is to increase the accuracy of pointing the radio telescope to astronomical radio sources. The latter is to be achieved by automating the processes of guidance error matrices formation and their integration during the observations. The formation of such a matrix presupposes taking into account the structural features of the antenna system and weather condition. The paper presents the results of geodetic measurements of the antenna system surface on different elevation angle, construction of the 3D model of the reflector. The method of constructing the error matrix, which at this stage of research provides the necessary simplicity of perception and interpretation of the obtained results by the human operator, is proposed. The results of the developed method verification using reference radio sources are given and the error matrices of elevation and azimuth pointing (dimension 81x81 elements) obtained with the use of said method are presented. The introduction of the results presented in the article into the radio telescope control system allowed increasing the accuracy of RT-32 radio telescope pointing in the C- and K- bands to the value of ~36″. This work partially was supported by Latvian Council of Science project "Joint Latvian-Ukrainian study of peculiar radio galaxy “Perseus A” in radio and optical bands. Nr: lzp-2020/2-0121".


2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-107
Author(s):  
A.M. Hurova ◽  
◽  
V.K. Malolitneva ◽  

The article explores the mechanism of public procurement in the sphere of providing the remote sensing services to public entities. Authors emphasize on the benefits of the centralized procurement of remotely sensed data that will lead to cost savings of state funds through the avoidance of duplicate purchases. Authors give special consideration to the difference in products obtained within the Earth observation (EO) process, the purchase of which can be carried out according to different procedures, as well as the duality of the status of the National Center for the Management and Testing of Space Facilities (NCMTSF) as a supplier and intermediary in public procurement legal relations. It is determined that NCMTSF as a centralized procurement organization will collect requests from contracting authorities (public consumers) for remote sensing services, analyze them for the possibility of satisfying it with products from the existing own fund or the need to purchase remote sensing data. It is argued that in case of impossibility to provide relevant services from the available resources of the remote sensing fund, but economic feasibility of purchasing raw remote sensing data, considering the consolidated application of public consumers, NCMTSF will act as a centralized procurement organization. It is emphasized that, unlike other centralized procurement organizations, the procurement contract with the winner of the procurement will be concluded by NCMTSF. NCMTSF will provide free of charge public authorities, enterprises, institutions, and organizations with raw data information products which were purchased at the expense of state budget according to their requests. It is suggested that in case of impossibility and economic inefficiency of providing data processing services, NCMTSF as a centralized procurement organization organizes procurement in the interests of public consumers. The procurement contract is concluded between the public consumer and the winner of the procurement. That is, in this case, the NCMTSF performs an intermediary function of procurement organization, which can professionally qualify the participants and determine the most economically advantageous tender. In addition, several procedures have been discovered that will unify suppliers’ offers according to contracting authorities’ technical requirements and optimize budget spending, that was based on an analysis of domestic legislation on public procurement and models for the procurement of remote sensing products in space states such as the USA, Australia and India. The article provides an in-depth analysis of the implementation of multi-use supplier list as prequalification system for potential economic operators of remote sensing services.


2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
A.V. Kulyk ◽  
◽  
P.N. Zheltov ◽  
S.V. Klymenko ◽  
V.V. Chabanov ◽  
...  

Currently, in various industries (engineering, aircraft, energy, etc.) the issue of product quality assurance and control is particularly acute. This is due primarily to the ever-increasing requirements for increasing reliability with increasing loads on products, which entails the strengthening of technical standards. The issue of quality control for rocket and space technology products is especially relevant. Modern power structures of rocket and spacecraft made of polymer composite materials, and especially the body of solid fuel rocket engines (SFRЕ), are multilayer packages of various polymer-composite materials (PKM), obtained and interconnected in the process of manufacturing the body. The efficiency of SFRЕ depends on the quality of the formation of PKM in production conditions. The most important issues are the implementation of production quality control of composite structures, the reliability of control results and the ability to automate the control process. The article presents an automated system of non-contact ultrasonic non-destructive testing, which allows to control the stability of the technological process of forming the composite material of the wall of the SFRЕ body and, if necessary, to adjust it. The probability of detecting zones of anomalous violation of the integrity of the wall material of the SFRЕ housing is carried out due to adaptive algorithms, digital systems of multilevel matrix processing and optimal filtering of the received signals. The automated system of contactless ultrasonic non-destructive quality control of SFRЕ cases allows to register conditions of scanning and control for more visual representation of the defectogram in the expanded look of the case of a product in the course of control and at documentation of its results. The presented results of work on the development of an automated system of non-destructive testing of the integrity of the buildings of the SFRЕ type "cocoon" confirm the possibilities of practical implementation in production.


2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
A.P. Alpatov ◽  
◽  
Yu.M. Goldshtein ◽  

Technogenic pollution of the near-Earth space by fragments of space debris of various sizes significantly limits the possibilities for implementing space activities and represents a great danger to objects on Earth. Low orbits with heights up to 2000 km are particularly heavily clogged. The Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee recommends removing fragments of space debris from the area of working orbits. Currently, promising ways of space debris removing are considered: descent into the Earth’s atmosphere, relocation to an orbit with a lifetime less than twenty-five years, relocation to an utilization orbit, and orbital disposal. Orbital utilization considers space debris as a resource for the industry in orbit. The objectives of the article are to assess the perspectives for the orbital utilization of space debris and to develop a method for choosing the number and placement of safe recycling orbits in the area of low near-Earth orbits. The paper analyses the prospects for the use of orbital utilization of space debris and the assessment of the possibilities of using orbital storage and subsequent reuse of dismantled space objects, instruments and materials. A number of problems of planning and organizing the orbital utilization of space debris are formulated and solved. A method for determining safe orbits of space debris utilization in the area of low near-Earth orbits based on a criteria system developed. Using the developed method and software package, the possible orbits of space debris utilization in the area of low near-Earth orbits are determined. The lifetime of a space object in the utilization orbit, the stability of the orbit of the utilization at a long time interval, and the energy consumptions for transferring the space object from the working orbit to the utilization orbit are estimated. The novelty of the obtained results consists in the development of a clustering technique for the orbits of utilized space debris objects and the development of a technique for selecting a possible orbit for the utilization of space debris in the area of low near-Earth orbits. The results obtained can be used in the planning and organization of the orbital utilization of space debris.


2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
V.V. Vasylyev ◽  
◽  
L.A. Godunok ◽  
S.A. Matviienko ◽  
◽  
...  

The purpose of the publication is to draw the attention of the Ukrainian scientific and technical community to the development of a new area of activity in outer space - orbital service. The content, technical and economic preconditions and competitive advantages of its development in Ukraine are outlined. Definitions of orbital services such as customer inspection, orbital (inter-orbital) transportation, refueling and resupply, upgrade, assembly, collision avoidance are given. The competence of Ukrainian enterprises in this direction has been analyzed. The expediency and possibility of developing the direction of orbital servicing for further exploration of near space, in particular, the developments of Ukrainian enterprises for the development and manufacture of systems for rendezvous and docking of spacecraft, have been substantiated. Scenarios of interaction between a space service vehicle and a client vehicle in near-earth orbit are described. The basic requirements for carrying out of Servicer and the Client autonomous proximity operations, as well as the operation of seizing the client machine are given. Proposals for the functionality of spacecraft for the provision of orbital space services are presented, it is proposed to consider the need to create specialized cargo modules and examples of their application in orbit are given. The tendencies of the approach to the creation of spacecraft structures adapted for in-orbit service are considered. The predicted volume of orbital service operations by type of service and with orbits is given. Provided information about the key players in a given market. The design of Servicer, which is being developed by Kurs NPK JSC, Yuzhnoye Design Bureau, for the provision of transport services, is presented. The specified features of its construction in general and the composition of the modules, as well as the possibility of further expanding the functionality of the Servicer.


2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-65
Author(s):  
V.G. Kolobrodov ◽  
◽  
N.I. Lykholit ◽  
V.M. Tiagur ◽  
B.Yu. Pinchuk ◽  
...  

Background. The main problem in launching space optical and electronic viewing systems (OEVS) for remote sensing of the Earth can be regarded as their high price, which even the leading countries of the world are not always ready to pay. Therefore, the quality of spacecraft systems imposed the most stringent requirements. One of the economically expedient options to increase the efficiency of space OEVS is scanning the Earth’s surface at arbitrary angles of sighting, which allows for the same time of service life to collect more information, but this in turn leads to image distortion. Therefore, analysis of the resulting image quality depending on the angles of sighting of the OEVS is an actual task that will assess the capabilities of the system and its conformance with the established requirements. Objective. Improving the physical and mathematical model of the modulation transfer function of the system “lens – matrix detector” and the study of the dependence of spatial and radiometric resolution on the angles of sight for the space OEVS when the sighting axis deviates from the nadir. Methods. Based on the analysis of signal generation models for television and thermal imaging space OEVS, it is proposed to use the concept – the contrast gray body. In the physical and mathematical model, it is proposed normalize to the spatial frequencies of objects at different angles of sight to the spatial frequencies in the nadir, and to calculate the radiometric resolution take into account the transmission and rarefied of the atmosphere, the image movement speed on the detector and its integration time. Results. Practical results of calculations of the offered physical and mathematical model for space OEVS showed that at deviation from nadir the effective spatial bandwidth worsens and at the specified parameters of system it is inexpedient scanning at angles of sighting greater than 30º. Accordingly, a comparative analysis of radiometric resolution for different type of detectors showed that the use of a photonic detector gives ~1.4 times better resolution in the nadir as opposed to the use of thermal detector and almost identical results are obtained at maximum angles of sighting. Also, a significant impact is made by a decrease a coefficient of atmospheric transmittance due to the rarefied of the atmosphere, which reaches from 26% to 45% that depends on the spectral range. Conclusions. Analysis of the results of the study confirms the possibility that photonic detectors can be replaced by modern thermal detectors with insignificant loss of image quality of the resulting image, which can significantly increase the service life of space OEVS.


2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
O.Ya. Pylypchuk ◽  
◽  
О.H. Strelko ◽  
O.O. Pylypchuk ◽  
◽  
...  

V.I. Vernadsky’s work "The Beginning and Eternity of Life" (1922), as well as his other scientific works, made a significant contribution to the development of many branches of natural history. It fundamentally changed the scientific worldview of the twentieth century. This work determined the place of man and his scientific thought in the evolution of the biosphere, made it possible to take a fresh look at the surrounding nature as the environment of human existence. It posed many actual problems and outlined ways to solve them in the future. The combination of deep knowledge in various industries with the history of their development determined the formation of V. I. Vernadsky's views on science as a specific natural phenomenon inherent to the genus Homo sapiens. He considered the progress of science as the natural process of the development of human thought, aimed at the cognition of the laws of nature and the laws of its own development. V. I. Vernadsky has analyzed various mechanisms of the origin of life and came to the conclusion that life could be eternal and had no beginning. He emphasizes two geologically most important points: firstly, the planetary, geologically regular nature of life; secondly, the close connection of all geological processes in the biosphere with the activity of living matter. Consequently, the understanding of life as a planetary phenomenon led V. I. Vernadsky to an understanding of the direct dependence of the existence of the biosphere on the conditions caused by geological processes.


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