scholarly journals Research of Index Combination Weighting Model on Discipline Evaluation

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Wang ◽  
Yuanming Ding
Keyword(s):  
Index Combination

scholarly journals Profibrotic circulating proteins and risk of early progressive renal decline in Type 2 Diabetes patients with and without albuminuria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhito Ihara ◽  
Jan Skupien ◽  
Hiroki Kobayashi ◽  
Zaipul I. Md Dom ◽  
Jonathan M. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Core Domain ◽  
Fibrotic Process ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
Circulating Levels ◽  
Index Combination

<b>OBJECTIVE</b>: The role of fibrosis in early progressive renal decline in type 2 diabetes is unknown. Circulating WFDC2 (WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2) and MMP-7 (Matrilysin) are postulated to be biomarkers of renal fibrosis. This study examined an association of circulating levels of these proteins with early progressive renal decline. <p><b>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</b>: Individuals with type 2 diabetes enrolled in the Joslin Kidney Study with eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73m<sup>2</sup> were followed for 6-12 years to ascertain fast early progressive renal decline defined as eGFR loss ≥5 ml/min/1.73m<sup>2</sup>/year. </p> <p><b>RESULTS</b>: A total of 1,181 individuals were studied: 681 without and 500 with albuminuria. Median eGFR and ACR at baseline were 97 ml/min/1.73m<sup>2</sup> and 24 mg/g, respectively. During follow-up, 152 individuals experienced fast early progressive renal decline: 6.9% in those with normoalbuminuria and 21% with albuminuria. In both subgroups risk of renal decline increased with increasing baseline levels of WFDC2 (p <0.0001) and MMP-7 (p <0.0001). After adjustment for relevant clinical characteristics and known biomarkers, an increase by one quartile in the Fibrosis Index (combination of levels of WFDC2 and MMP-7) was associated with higher risk of renal decline (OR 1.63; 95% CI 1.30-2.04). The association was similar and statistically significant among patients with and without albuminuria. </p> <p><b>CONCLUSIONS: </b>Elevation of circulating profibrotic proteins is associated with the development of early progressive renal decline in type 2 diabetes. This association is independent from albuminuria status and points to the importance of the fibrotic process in development of early renal decline. </p>

scholarly journals Ant Colony Optimization for Resolving Unit Commitment Issues by Considering Reliability Constraints

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Alan Abdu Robbi Afifi ◽  
Sarjiya Sarjiya ◽  
Yusuf Susilo Wijoyo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Simulated Annealing ◽  
Ant Colony Optimization ◽  
Reliability Index ◽  
Unit Commitment ◽  
Ant Colony ◽  
Complex Combination ◽  
Generator Scheduling ◽  
Index Combination

Unit Commitment or generator scheduling is one of complex combination issues aiming to obtain the cheapest generating power total costs. Ant Colony Optimization is proposed as a method to solve Unit Commitment issues because it has a better result convergence according to one of journals that reviews methods to solve Unit Commitment issues. Ant Colony Optimization modification into Nodal Ant Colony Optimization as well as addition of several elements are also conducted to overcome Ant Colony Optimization limitations in resolving Unit Commitment issues. Nodal Ant Colony Optimization simulations are then compared with Genetic Algorithm and Simulated Annealing methods which previously has similar simulations. Reliability index combination in a form of Loss of Load Probability and Expected Unserved Energy are also added as reliability constraints in the system. Comparison of three methods shows that Nodal Ant Colony Optimization is able to provide better results up to 0.08% cheaper than Genetic Algorithm or Simulated Annealing methods.

scholarly journals Retrospective Database Analysis of Treatment Patterns Among Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-92
Author(s):  
Sean Studer ◽  
Michael Hull ◽  
Janis Pruett ◽  
Caitlin Elliott ◽  
Yuen Tsang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Index Date ◽  
Sequential Therapy ◽  
Treatment Patterns ◽  
European Respiratory Society ◽  
Medical Claim ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Index Combination

Abstract Introduction Release of the 2015 European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) guidelines put increased emphasis on using combination therapy, either as upfront or sequential therapy among patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, with these recommendations and the therapy advances made in the last several years, little is known on the real-world treatment patterns among patients with PAH, particularly before and after publication of the 2015 ESC/ERS guidelines. Methods This was a retrospective study of adult commercial and Medicare Advantage with Part D (MAPD) enrollees with at least one claim for a PAH-related medication from January 01, 2012 to March 31, 2017, at least one medical claim with a pulmonary hypertension diagnosis, and continuous health plan enrollment at least 6 months prior to and at least 12 months following the date of the first pharmacy claim for PAH-related therapy (index date). Patients were divided into cohorts based on prescription of monotherapy or combination therapy and index date category (2012–2013, January 2014–July 2015, and August 2015–March 2017). Results Out of 1878 patients, 90.8% initiated with monotherapy and 9.2% initiated with combination therapy. The percentage of patients with index combination therapy increased from 5.7% in 2012–2013 to 13.0% in August 2015–March 2017. Patients with index combination therapy had better persistence (11.6 months versus 10.3 months) and adherence (0.95 versus 0.85). Overall, the discontinuation rate was 40% and was higher in monotherapy versus combination therapy patients (42.8% versus 12.2%). Approximately 30.2% of patients had a second regimen, of which 50% were combination regimens. The time to combination therapy initiation decreased from 10.5 months in 2012–2013 to 3.4 months in August 2015–March 2017. Conclusions The majority of patients initiated monotherapy treatment for PAH, most often a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (PDE5i). Patients with upfront combination therapy increased following publication of the 2015 ESC/ERS guidelines, indicating that physicians responded to the guideline’s option of prescribing upfront combination therapy.

scholarly journals Controlling critical mistag-associated false discoveries in metagenetic data

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney T Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Straightforward Method ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
And Control ◽  
False Discoveries ◽  
Binomial Process ◽  
Index Combination

Metagenetic methods are commonplace within ecological and environmental research. One concern with these methods is the phenomenon of critical mistagging, where sequences from one sample are erroneously inferred to have originated from another sample due to errors in the attachment, PCR replication or sequencing of sample-specific dual-index tags. For studies using PCR-based library preparation on large sample sizes, the most cost-effective approach to limiting mistag-associated false detections involves using an unsaturated Latin square dual-indexing design. This allows researchers to estimate mistagging rates during sequencing but the statistical procedures for filtering out detections using this mistag rate have received little attention. We propose a straightforward method to limit mistag-associated false discoveries during metabarcoding applications. We analyzed two Illumina metabarcoding datasets produced using unsaturated Latin square designs to explore the distribution of mistagged sequences across dual-index combinations on a per taxon basis. We tested these data for conformity to the assumptions that 1) mistagging follows a binomial distribution [i.e., X ~ B(n, p)] where p, the probability of a sequence being mistagged, varies minimally across taxa and 2) mistags are distributed uniformly across dual-index combinations. We provide R functions that estimate the 95th percentile of expected mistags per dual-index combination for each taxon under these assumptions. We show that mistagging rates were consistent across taxa within the datasets analyzed and that modelling mistagging as a binomial process with uniform distribution across dual-index combinations enabled robust control of mistag-associated false discoveries. We propose that this method of taxon-specific filtering of detections based on the maximum mistags expected per dual-index combination should be broadly accepted during metagenetic analysis, provided that experimental and control sequence abundances per taxon are strongly correlated. When this assumption is violated, data may be better fit by assuming that the distribution of mistags across combinations follows Poisson characteristics [i.e., X ~ Pois(𝜆)], with 𝜆 empirically estimated from the abundance distribution of mistags among control samples. We provide a second R function for this case, though we have yet to observe such a dataset. Both functions and demonstrations associated with this work are freely available at https://github.com/RTRichar/ModellingCriticalMistags.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document