Post-error slowing reflects the joint impact of adaptive and maladaptive processes during decision making

Errors and their consequences are typically studied by investigating changes in decision speed and accuracy in trials that follow an error, commonly referred to as "post-error adjustments". Many studies have reported that subjects slow down following an error, a phenomenon called "post-error slowing" (PES). However, the functional significance of PES is still a matter of debate as it is not always adaptive. That is, it is not always associated with a gain in performance and can even occur with a decline in accuracy. Here, we hypothesized that the nature of PES is influenced by one's speed-accuracy tradeoff policy, which determines the overall level of choice accuracy in the task at hand. To test this hypothesis, we investigated post-error adjustments in subjects performing the same task while they were required to either emphasize speed (low accuracy) or cautiousness (high accuracy) in two distinct contexts (hasty and cautious contexts, respectively) experienced on separate days. Accordingly, our data indicate that post-error adjustments varied according to the context in which subjects performed the task, with PES being solely significant in the hasty context. In addition, we only observed a gain in performance after errors in a specific trial type, suggesting that post-error adjustments depend on a complex combination of processes that affect the speed of ensuing actions as well as the degree to which such PES comes with a gain in performance.

SIMULATION OF PHYSICAL PROCESSES IN MICROCIRCUITS IN SPACE ENVIRONMENT

The paper considers the circuit engineering and structural-technological basis of new devel-opments of special-purpose microcircuits, the prospects for its development are determined. The complexity of solving the problem is established, which consists in a complex combination and elimination of contradictions of various principles of creating equipment. It is assumed that the particle enters the circuit at a time equal to the beginning of switching. The frequency of the chip is 30 MHz, which corresponds to most of the frequencies that are used in spacecraft.

EXPRESS: Objectal Resistance: The Political role of personal objects in workers’ resistance to spatial change

Flexwork, i.e. the combination of shared offices and telework, is one of the major changes affecting the workplace these days. But how do employees react to these transformations of their work environment? In this paper, we investigate employees’ resistance to the introduction of flexwork in a large Belgian organization. We show employees resisting this workspace transformation through the use of personal objects as means to physically reconnect to the place, using objects to convey their claims and objectively occupy places. Though space has become a key analytic concept in the study of organizations, research still largely neglects the concrete role played by personal objects in the capacity of workers to resist change in the occupation of workspaces. We highlight the mutual constitution of objects and space in practices of resistance to workspace change. We show specifically how the politicality of these materials—referred to here as objectal resistance—comes from the meaning that people assign to objects when they place them in order to reestablish workers’ bodily presence at work—i.e., from acts of objects embodiment and emplacement. We contribute to studies of resistance in the workplace by showing that objectal resistance is a complex combination of overt and covert activities, which leads to see the classic opposition between recognition and post-recognition politics in a new light.

Adaptations of Hybrids: Literary Plays with Genres in Contemporary Polish Cinema (Spoor and Darkness and Dark, Almost Night)

The article discusses the problem of genre hybridity and the play with genres from a comparative perspective on the example of Drive Your Plough Over the Bones of the Dead by Olga Tokarczuk and Dark, Almost Night by Joanna Bator as well as of their fi lm adaptations, directed by Agnieszka Holland and Borys Lankosz, respectively. In both novels, generic and stylistic hybridity does not only fulfi ll a ludic function, but more importantly serves to express a social critique, and their fi lm adaptations refl ect this. Spoor is a creative adaptation which – through the combination of genres and styles – questions ethical norms often regarded as axioms and prompts the viewer to reconsider the relationship between humans and animals. Dark, Almost Night approaches the complex combination of genres in the literary original in a reductive way, which affects its message. The study of adaptations should not focus on the issue of „fi delity”, but rather examine how the change of the medium transforms the original textual structures and their use of social discourses.

How Fast is Furious The Discourse of Fast Cinema in Question

Considered in its articulation with an idea of “slow” cinema, the label “fast cinema” suggests three characteristics: fast-paced action, hyperkinetic cinematic style, and irreflexive consumption. Not only does fast cinema suggest these three characteristics, however, it also suggests that they directly correspond to each other so that, in a “fast” film, fast-paced action would be seamlessly rendered through “fast” cinematic enunciation and this rendering would necessarily result in an escapist, ready-to-consume film product. It is more by this correspondence, I think, than by any of these elements on its own that a certain understanding of “fast” cinema is established. Against this understanding, through a variety of contrasting examples, the article argues that the impression of fastness and that of slowness are both the matter of a tension between different temporalities and a complex combination of heterogeneous film elements, and that the articulation of “fast” and “slow” cinema itself depends less on the formal characteristics of different kinds of film than on a disciplinary understanding of spectatorship, which pretends to derive from these formal characteristics different and unequal forms of film experience.

The making of “deep language” in the Philippines

This analysis interrogates one of the most highly recognizable, but little understood metalinguistic descriptors of language in the contemporary Philippine linguistic scene: the concept of “deep language.” Here, “deep language” is explored as a complex, polysemous term generally used to describe homegrown conceptualizations of “pure” forms of Philippine-type languages and speakers. The contemporary understanding of “deep language” in the Philippines is theorized to have been informed by a complex combination of folk and academic discourses that have percolated throughout shared ideologies and discourses of language since national independence at mid-20th century. The metric of “depth” in the analysis of language is shown to function centrally as a conceptual metaphor that enables everyday speakers to theorize speaker types and the passage of time in a folk chronotope reckoned through the sign of language.

Models of Physician’s Behavior in the Situation of Assignment Paid Procedures

The Russian healthcare system provides a set of free and paid diagnostic and therapeutic services. Although, when prescribing additional paid services, a specific doctor is provided with the situation of choice. The doctor is faced with a set of ethical and professional motivators, one of which is paid services as a source of additional medical income. What do doctors do in this situation, what strategies do they choose and what motivates their decision? Conducted and analyzed in-depth interviews (18 interviews, Tver, 2018) with doctors of different specialties revealed several patterns of doctor’s behavior when prescribing paid services. The data analyzed in the tactics of grounded theory allowed the author to build several models of doctor’s behavior, where such choices are associated with certain system of professional and personal values. The described models are conventionally named by author: “Making money”, “Polypragmasia”, “Collegiality”, “Man-System”, “One and a half rates”, “Out of the system”, “Avoidance”.The constructed models of behavior of doctors show that the appointment of additional optional procedures is associated not only with the doctor's desire to earn money, but also can be explained by a more complex combination of reasons, working conditions, formal and informal social norms, as well as the basic values of the doctors themselves.

Models of Physician’s Behavior in the Situation of Assignment Paid Procedures

The Russian healthcare system provides a set of free and paid diagnostic and therapeutic services. Although, when prescribing additional paid services, a specific doctor is provided with the situation of choice. The doctor is faced with a set of ethical and professional motivators, one of which is paid services as a source of additional medical income. What do doctors do in this situation, what strategies do they choose and what motivates their decision? Conducted and analyzed in-depth interviews (18 interviews, Tver, 2018) with doctors of different specialties revealed several patterns of doctor’s behavior when prescribing paid services. The data analyzed in the tactics of grounded theory allowed the author to build several models of doctor’s behavior, where such choices are associated with certain system of professional and personal values. The described models are conventionally named by author: “Making money”, “Polypragmasia”, “Collegiality”, “Man-System”, “One and a half rates”, “Out of the system”, “Avoidance”.The constructed models of behavior of doctors show that the appointment of additional optional procedures is associated not only with the doctor's desire to earn money, but also can be explained by a more complex combination of reasons, working conditions, formal and informal social norms, as well as the basic values of the doctors themselves.