scholarly journals Cultural Sexism Moderates Efficacy of Psychotherapy: Results from a Spatial Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggi Price ◽  
Sarah McKetta ◽  
John R. Weisz ◽  
Jessie VanNess Ford ◽  
Micah Lattanner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
State Level ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Gender Attitudes ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
County Level ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Youth Psychotherapy

We examined whether cultural sexism (county- and state-level gender attitudes) moderates the efficacy of psychotherapies by re-analyzing data from a previous meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of youth psychotherapy for the most commonly targeted problems (depression, anxiety, conduct, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; 2,698 effect sizes (ESs);314 studies; N=19,739; ages 4-18). Higher cultural sexism was associated with lower ESs for studies with ³50% girls; this association became stronger as the proportion of girls in thesamples increased. Cultural sexism was unrelated to ESs for studies with >50% boys. An interaction between state- and county-level sexism revealed that psychotherapies were mostbeneficial when they were conducted in states and counties with the lowest cultural sexism. Thus, the context in which psychotherapies are delivered is associated with psychotherapy efficacy for girls.

scholarly journals Cultural Sexism Moderates Efficacy of Psychotherapy: Results from a Spatial Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggi Price ◽  
Jessie VanNess Ford ◽  
Micah Lattanner ◽  
Hilary Skov ◽  
Elizabeth Wolock
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
State Level ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Gender Attitudes ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
County Level ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Youth Psychotherapy

We examined whether cultural sexism (county- and state-level gender attitudes) moderates the efficacy of psychotherapies by re-analyzing data from a previous meta-analysis of youth psychotherapy randomized controlled trials (4,233 effect sizes (ESs) from 319 studies; N=20,513; ages 4-18). Higher cultural sexism was associated with lower ESs for studies with 50% girls; this association became stronger as the proportion of girls in the samples increased. Cultural sexism was unrelated to ESs for studies with >50% boys. An interaction between state- and county-level sexism revealed that psychotherapies were most beneficial when they were conducted in states and counties with the lowest levels of cultural sexism. Thus, the context in which psychotherapies are delivered is associated with psychotherapy efficacy for girls.

scholarly journals Multinutrients for the Treatment of Psychiatric Symptoms in Clinical Samples: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3394
Author(s):  
Jeanette M. Johnstone ◽  
Andrew Hughes ◽  
Joshua Z. Goldenberg ◽  
Amy R. Romijn ◽  
Julia J. Rucklidge
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Behavioral Deficits ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Randomized Controlled

This systematic review and meta-analysis focused on randomized controlled trials (RCT) of multinutrients consisting of at least four vitamins and/or minerals as interventions for participants with psychiatric symptoms. A systematic search identified 16 RCTs that fit the inclusion criteria (n = 1719 participants) in six psychiatric categories: depression, post-disaster stress, antisocial behavior, behavioral deficits in dementia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autism. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) was used to rate the evidence base. Significant clinical benefit was assessed using minimal clinically important differences (MIDs). Due to heterogeneity in participants, multinutrient formulas, outcome measures, and absence of complete data, only the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) category was eligible for meta-analyses. In ADHD populations, statistically and clinically significant improvements were found in global functioning, Mean Difference (MD) −3.3, p = 0.001, MID −3.26; Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) −0.49 p = 0.001 MD −0.5), clinician ratings of global improvement (MD −0.58, p = 0.001, MID −0.5) and ADHD improvement (MD −0.54, p = 0.002, MID −0.5), and clinician (but not observer) measures of ADHD inattentive symptoms (MD −1.53, p = 0.05, MID −0.5). Narrative synthesis also revealed a pattern of benefit for global measures of improvement, for example: in autism, and in participants with behavioral deficits in dementia. Post-natural disaster anxiety and the number of violent incidents in prison populations also improved. Broad-spectrum formulas (vitamins + minerals) demonstrated more robust effects than formulas with fewer ingredients. This review highlights the need for robust methodology-RCTs that report full data, including means and standard deviations for all outcomes-in order to further elucidate the effects of multinutrients for psychiatric symptoms.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Physical Activity for Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
pp. 108705472110179
Author(s):  
Britta Seiffer ◽  
Martin Hautzinger ◽  
Rolf Ulrich ◽  
Sebastian Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Core Symptoms

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses the efficacy of regular, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: RCTs including children and adolescents with clinically diagnosed ADHD, implementing regular MVPA, and assessing ADHD core-symptoms on a valid rating scale post-intervention (primary outcome) were included. Outcomes were pooled through random-effects meta-analysis. Prospero registration: CRD42019142166. Results: MVPA had a small effect on total ADHD core symptoms ( n = 11; g = −0.33; 95% CI [−0.63; −0.02]; p = .037). Conclusions: MVPA could serve as an alternative treatment for ADHD. New RCTs are necessary to increase the understanding of the effect regarding frequency, intensity, type of MVPA interventions, and differential effects on age groups.

The Efficacy of Acupuncture Treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yi-Chen Chen ◽  
Li-Kung Wu ◽  
Ming-Shinn Lee ◽  
Yen-Lun Kung
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Acupuncture Treatment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effective Rate ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Randomized Controlled

<b><i>Background:</i></b> This study aimed to assess the efficacy of acupuncture for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. <b><i>Patients and Methods:</i></b> Systematic review and meta-analysis including randomized controlled trials that compared the effects of acupuncture treatment (AT) with pharmacotherapy (methylphenidate hydrochloride, MPH) among patients with ADHD. A total of 12 electronic databases were searched from inception until February 3, 2020. The main outcomes were the effective rate and post-treatment hyperactivity scores. We also assessed the incidence of adverse events and follow-up course. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 10 studies involving 876 patients were included in this study. The meta-analysis revealed that AT yielded a significantly higher effective rate than MPH (odds ratio 2.239, 95% CI 1.438–3.487, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001, 8 studies), and that AT can reduce the hyperactivity scores to a lesser degree than MPH (standardized mean difference = –0.882, 95% CI –1.295 to –0.469, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001, 3 studies). Two studies reported no adverse events in the AT group, while one study suggested that AT can reduce adverse drug reactions. Furthermore, 3 studies concluded that the effects of AT were maintained, even after completion of treatment. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This study suggests that AT may be more beneficial than MPH therapy for ADHD patients. However, the evidence may be highly limited, especially considering the outcome of hyperactivity scores with the high risk of bias, very low GRADE, and small number of studies. Thus, further studies of rigorous design and high quality are needed to confirm and strengthen the results, especially in the Western part of the world. Additionally, well-designed randomized controlled trials that evaluate adverse events and include a long-term follow-up should be conducted to determine the efficacy, safety, and side effects of AT for ADHD in children and adolescents.

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