scholarly journals Psychological barriers to effective altruism: An evolutionary perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastian Jaeger ◽  
mark van vugt
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Psychological Barriers ◽  
Lay Beliefs ◽  
Effective Altruism ◽  
Fundamental Motives

People usually engage in (or at least profess to engage in) altruistic acts to benefit others. Yet, they routinely fail to maximize how much good is achieved with their donated money and time. An accumulating body of research has uncovered various psychological factors that can explain why people’s altruism tends to be ineffective. These prior studies have mostly focused on proximate explanations (e.g., emotions, preferences, lay beliefs). Here, we adopt an evolutionary perspective and highlight how three fundamental motives—parochialism, status, and conformity—can explain many seemingly disparate failures to do good effectively. Our approach outlines ultimate explanations for ineffective altruism and we illustrate how fundamental motives can be leveraged to promote more effective giving.

Psychological Strategies for Assisting Older Adults who are Partially Sighted

1992 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Thompson ◽  
J. Goldhaber ◽  
P. Amaral ◽  
L. Ringering
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Psychological Barriers ◽  
Partially Sighted ◽  
Common Barriers

Psychological barriers may interfere with the rehabilitation of older adults who are partially sighted. This article explores four common barriers. It examines possible contributory psychological factors and successful therapeutic approaches that a variety of rehabilitation workers can use with their clients.

scholarly journals Psychological Factors Affecting EFL Students’ Speaking Performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariyanti Ariyanti
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Natural Setting ◽  
Oral Performance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Psychological Barriers ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Speaking Performance

Speaking has become one of important skills in learning a language especially English. Particularly, to speak in English for EFL student is not easy and need much effort to produce acceptable utterances in English. This article is aimed to investigate psychological barriers faced by Indonesian students which affect their speaking performance. Moreover, as this research is a qualitative study, direct observation is done to capture all of phenomenon happened in the speaking class in natural setting. In addition, interview is also conducted by the researcher to know what psychological factors influence their oral performance in the class. The research findings from observation and interview show that the students tend to feel anxious when performing their speaking because they are afraid of making mistakes. The feeling of fear of making mistakes, somehow related to the students’ lack of self-esteem in using English so that they often combine their speaking with their mother tongue. Psychological barriers also appear in discussion session, where in this case some students do not want to participate because they are too afraid of making mistakes, lack of self-esteem and motivation so they prefer to keep silent in the class. From the natural phenomenon happened in the speaking class, it can be concluded that psychological factors which hinder the students in performing their speaking are possibly caused by the feeling of too worried of making mistakes and the lack of self-esteem which are related to shyness and their anxiety level. By looking at this phenomenon, it is better for teacher to give their students assistance so that they can perform their English speaking better

How to Psychologically Minimize Scratching Impulses

2014 ◽  
Vol 222 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane Sölle ◽  
Theresa Bartholomäus ◽  
Margitta Worm ◽  
Regine Klinger
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Placebo Effect ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Physical Complaints ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Placebo Model

Research in recent years, especially in the analgesic field, has intensively studied the placebo effect and its mechanisms. It has been shown that physical complaints can be efficiently reduced via learning and cognitive processes (conditioning and expectancies). However, despite evidence demonstrating a large variety of physiological similarities between pain and itch, the possible transfer of the analgesic placebo model to itch has not yet been widely discussed in research. This review therefore aims at highlighting potential transfers of placebo mechanisms to itch processes by demonstrating the therapeutic issues in pharmacological treatments for pruritus on a physiological basis and by discussing the impact of psychological mechanisms and psychological factors influencing itch sensations.

An Evolutionary Perspective on Music

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
Diana Deutsch
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Perspective
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