How to Psychologically Minimize Scratching Impulses

2014 ◽  
Vol 222 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane Sölle ◽  
Theresa Bartholomäus ◽  
Margitta Worm ◽  
Regine Klinger
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Placebo Effect ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Physical Complaints ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Placebo Model

Research in recent years, especially in the analgesic field, has intensively studied the placebo effect and its mechanisms. It has been shown that physical complaints can be efficiently reduced via learning and cognitive processes (conditioning and expectancies). However, despite evidence demonstrating a large variety of physiological similarities between pain and itch, the possible transfer of the analgesic placebo model to itch has not yet been widely discussed in research. This review therefore aims at highlighting potential transfers of placebo mechanisms to itch processes by demonstrating the therapeutic issues in pharmacological treatments for pruritus on a physiological basis and by discussing the impact of psychological mechanisms and psychological factors influencing itch sensations.

scholarly journals HOUSING POLICY OF A BIG CITY: SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS AND REQUIREMENTS (RESEARCH ON THE EXAMPLE OF IVANO-FRANKIVSK)

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
I.P. Smadych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Housing Policy ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
City Development ◽  
Psychological Conditions ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Abstract. This article is devoted to the study of the topical problem of qualitative accounting of socio-psychological conditions of human life in residential architecture, namely in the policy of forming the urban environment. The task of this study can be realized by analyzing the regulatory framework, namely, strategies for the socio-economic and spatial development of cities in parts related to housing construction, housing and communal policy, general planning and territorial principles of city development. Systematization and comparison of this information made it possible to single out the factors influencing the formation of design solutions and development in the city. Another important link in this study is the systematization of factors influencing the solution of the problems of forming a living environment. The aim of this study is to characterize the impact of socio-psychological requirements for environmental comfort in the context of housing policy in large cities. In accordance with the purpose of the study, the following tasks were formed: to streamline the system of socio-psychological factors and methods of their accounting in substantiating the housing policy of urban space; to analyze the socio-economic and spatial development strategies of the city of Ivano-Frankivsk for the last 5 years and sectoral documents of the architectural and construction sector and housing policy; to highlight the factors that underlie the formation of housing policy in Ivano-Frankivsk, to develop recommendations for taking into account the psychological aspects of society in the formation of housing policy in cities. The materials of this study are the aging of the socio-economic and spatial development of Ivano-Frankivsk for the last 5 years, as well as industry documents where the prospects for the development of the housing industry and housing policy are formed. The source base of the study to characterize the factors influencing the formation of the city's residential policy are scientific works on psychology, sociology, architectural sociology and public administration. The main research methods of this article are the method of factorial comparison. The methods of group comparison, and the graphical-analytical method of creating a structural model of factors and determining the place, as well as the role of socio-psychological factors in this model, were also used.

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING FOOTBALL REFEREES’ DECISION MAKING

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
HARUTYUN BABAYAN ◽  
ARMAN GEVORGYAN
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Psychological Factor ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Experimental Part ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Impact

The article consists of two parts. The first part reveals the theoretical and analytical data of Armenian and foreign leading experts who studied the impact of psychological factors of decision making. The second part of the article is devoted to the experimental part with content analysis of the results of referee mistakes and the psychological factor influencing their decision. The author investigates the level of the soccer referees’ psychological and psychophysiological readiness, who judged FIFA World Cup 2014 and referees who judged the match of the championship Armenia at various levels.

scholarly journals Theoretical aspects of impact of the phenomenon of “post-truth” upon cognitive sphere of personality

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Irina Viktorovna Sultanova ◽  
Tat'yana Evgen'evna Orlova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Information Overload ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
Personal Beliefs ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
The Impact

The subject of this research is the impact of information environment upon people’s psyche. Currently, the volume of information accessible to human vastly exceeds the ability to digest it. The emerging information overload leads to nervous exhaustion, worsening of memory, lapse of attention concentration, and stress. Thus, there are created favorable conditions for negative influences of the policy of “post-truth” upon personality, mentality, perception of the world, and system of relationship. Using the instruments of rationality, the policy of “post-truth” turns them against rational thinking of a person. Affecting emotions and referring to personal beliefs, “post-truth” enhances stigmatization not even denying the facts. The research methodology combines the methods of fundamental psychological mechanisms and patterns of the origin and functioning of human psyche; methods general psychological research; methods of studying mental processes, mentality and personality; methods of cognitive psychology; technologies of examination of cognitive processes and communication in computer networks. The main conclusion consists in the statements that in the conditions of information overload and time deficit for analysis, a person makes hasty decisions based on his previous experience; while “post-truth” can be countered only through the development of the ability of critical thinking, giving assessment, learning to analyze and form own opinion regarding events ongoing in the world.

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING FOOTBALL REFEREES’ DECISION MAKING

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
HARUTYUN BABAYAN ◽  
ARMAN GEVORGYAN
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Psychological Factor ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Experimental Part ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Impact

The article consists of two parts. The first part reveals the theoretical and analytical data of Armenian and foreign leading experts who studied the impact of psychological factors of decision making. The second part of the article is devoted to the experimental part with content analysis of the results of referee mistakes and the psychological factor influencing their decision. The author investigates the level of the soccer referees’ psychological and psycho-physiological readiness, who judged FIFA World Cup 2014 and referees who judged the match of the championship Armenia at various levels.

Designing preclinical perceptibility measures to evaluate topical vaginal gel formulations relating user sensory perceptions and experiences to formulation properties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lungwani Muungo
Keyword(s):  
User Experience ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Biomedical Prevention ◽  
Product Effectiveness ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gel Formulations

The effectiveness of any biomedical prevention technology relies on both biological efficacy and behavioraladherence. Microbicide trials have been hampered by low adherence, limiting the ability to draw meaningfulconclusions about product effectiveness. Central to this problem may be an inadequate conceptualization of howproduct properties themselves impact user experience and adherence. Our goal is to expand the current microbicidedevelopment framework to include product ‘‘perceptibility,’’ the objective measurement of user sensoryperceptions (i.e., sensations) and experiences of formulation performance during use. For vaginal gels, a setof biophysical properties, including rheological properties and measures of spreading and retention, may criticallyimpact user experiences. Project LINK sought to characterize the user experience in this regard, and tovalidate measures of user sensory perceptions and experiences (USPEs) using four prototype topical vaginal gelformulations designed for pericoital use. Perceptibility scales captured a range of USPEs during the productapplication process (five scales), ambulation after product insertion (six scales), and during sexual activity (eightscales). Comparative statistical analyses provided empirical support for hypothesized relationships between gelproperties, spreading performance, and the user experience. Project LINK provides preliminary evidence for theutility of evaluating USPEs, introducing a paradigm shift in the field of microbicide formulation design. Wepropose that these user sensory perceptions and experiences initiate cognitive processes in users resulting inproduct choice and willingness-to-use. By understanding the impact of USPEs on that process, formulationdevelopment can optimize both drug delivery and adherence.

scholarly journals Psychological and Behavioral Predictors of Vaccine Efficacy: Considerations for COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 174569162198924
Author(s):  
Annelise A. Madison ◽  
M. Rosie Shrout ◽  
Megan E. Renna ◽  
Janice K. Kiecolt-Glaser
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
The Impact

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine candidates are being evaluated, with the goal of conferring immunity on the highest percentage of people who receive the vaccine as possible. It is noteworthy that vaccine efficacy depends not only on the vaccine but also on characteristics of the vaccinated. Over the past 30 years, a series of studies has documented the impact of psychological factors on the immune system’s vaccine response. Robust evidence has demonstrated that stress, depression, loneliness, and poor health behaviors can impair the immune system’s response to vaccines, and this effect may be greatest in vulnerable groups such as the elderly. Psychological factors are also implicated in the prevalence and severity of vaccine-related side effects. These findings have generalized across many vaccine types and therefore may be relevant to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. In this review, we discuss these psychological and behavioral risk factors for poor vaccine responses, their relevance to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as targeted psychological and behavioral interventions to boost vaccine efficacy and reduce side effects. Recent data suggest these psychological and behavioral risk factors are highly prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic, but intervention research suggests that psychological and behavioral interventions can increase vaccine efficacy.

Placebos and Movies: What Do They Have in Common?

2021 ◽  
pp. 096372142110038
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Benedetti
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Placebo Effect ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Placebo Effects ◽  
What Matters

Placebos are fake therapies that can induce real therapeutic effects, called placebo effects. It goes without saying that what matters for inducing a placebo effect is not so much the fake treatment itself, but rather the therapeutic ritual that is carried out, which is capable of triggering psychobiological mechanisms in the patient’s brain. Both laypersons and scientists often accept the phenomenon of the placebo effect with reluctance, as fiction-induced clinical improvements are at odds with common sense. However, it should be emphasized that placebo effects are not surprising after all if one considers that fiction-induced physiological effects occur in everyday life. Movies provide one of the best examples of how fictitious reality can induce psychological and physiological responses, such as fear, love, and tears. In the same way that a horror movie induces fear-related physiological responses, even though the viewer knows everything is fake, so the sight of a syringe may trigger the release of pain-relieving chemicals in the patient’s brain, even if the patient knows there is a fake painkiller inside. From this perspective, placebos can be better conceptualized as rituals, actions, and fictions within a more general framework that emphasizes the power of psychological factors in everyday life, including the healing context.

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