scholarly journals Visual search for people among people

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liuba Papeo ◽  
Salvador Soto-Faraco
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Visual Feature ◽  
Efficient Processing ◽  
Visual Scenes ◽  
Task Parameters ◽  
Individual Body

Humans can effectively search visual scenes by spatial location, visual feature or whole object. Here, we show that visual search can also benefit from fast appraisal of relations between individuals in human groups. Healthy adults searched for a facing (seemingly interacting) body-dyad among nonfacing dyads, or vice versa. We varied the task parameters to emphasize processing of targets or distractors. Facing-dyad targets were more likely to recruit attention than nonfacing-dyad targets (Experiments 1-2-4). Facing-dyad distractors were checked and rejected more efficiently than nonfacing-dyad distractors (Experiment 3). Moreover, search for an individual body was harder when it was embedded in a facing, than a nonfacing dyad (Experiment 5). We propose that fast grouping of interacting bodies in one attentional unit is the mechanism that accounts for efficient processing of dyads and for the inefficient access to individual parts within a dyad.

scholarly journals Visual Search for People Among People

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1483-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liuba Papeo ◽  
Nicolas Goupil ◽  
Salvador Soto-Faraco
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Visual Feature ◽  
Efficient Processing ◽  
Visual Scenes ◽  
Task Parameters ◽  
Individual Body

Humans can effectively search visual scenes by spatial location, visual feature, or whole object. Here, we showed that visual search can also benefit from fast appraisal of relations between individuals in human groups. Healthy adults searched for a facing (seemingly interacting) body dyad among nonfacing dyads or a nonfacing dyad among facing dyads. We varied the task parameters to emphasize processing of targets or distractors. Facing-dyad targets were more likely to recruit attention than nonfacing-dyad targets (Experiments 1, 2, and 4). Facing-dyad distractors were checked and rejected more efficiently than nonfacing-dyad distractors (Experiment 3). Moreover, search for an individual body was more difficult when it was embedded in a facing dyad than in a nonfacing dyad (Experiment 5). We propose that fast grouping of interacting bodies in one attentional unit is the mechanism that accounts for efficient processing of dyads within human groups and for the inefficient access to individual parts within a dyad.

scholarly journals Attention and its Role: Theories and Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Athanasios Drigas ◽  
Maria Karyotaki
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Inhibition Of Return ◽  
Saliency Map ◽  
Saccadic Suppression ◽  
Covert Attention ◽  
Attentional Deployment ◽  
Affect And Cognition ◽  
Visual Scenes ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Complete Account

Motivation, affect and cognition are interrelated. However, the control of attentional deployment and more specifically, attempting to provide a more complete account of the interactions between the dorsal and ventral processing streams is still a challenge. The interaction between overt and covert attention is particularly important for models concerned with visual search. Further modeling of such interactions can assist to scrutinize many mechanisms, such as saccadic suppression, dynamic remapping of the saliency map and inhibition of return, covert pre-selection of targets for overt saccades and online understanding of complex visual scenes.

Influence of vision and posture on grip-lift task parameters in healthy adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-360
Author(s):  
Delphine Dispa ◽  
Catherine Tourbach ◽  
Jean-Louis Thonnard ◽  
Thierry Lejeune
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Task Parameters ◽  
Lift Task

scholarly journals Centre-of-Gravity Fixations in Visual Search: When Looking at Nothing Helps to Find Something

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin Venini ◽  
Roger W. Remington ◽  
Gernot Horstmann ◽  
Stefanie I. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Information Gain ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Search Efficiency ◽  
Centre Of Gravity ◽  
Search Tasks ◽  
Multiple Item ◽  
Efficient Processing ◽  
Abstract Stimuli

In visual search, some fixations are made between stimuli on empty regions, commonly referred to as “centre-of-gravity” fixations (henceforth: COG fixations). Previous studies have shown that observers with task expertise show more COG fixations than novices. This led to the view that COG fixations reflect simultaneous encoding of multiple stimuli, allowing more efficient processing of task-related items. The present study tested whether COG fixations also aid performance in visual search tasks with unfamiliar and abstract stimuli. Moreover, to provide evidence for the multiple-item processing view, we analysed the effects of COG fixations on the number and dwell times of stimulus fixations. The results showed that (1) search efficiency increased with increasing COG fixations even in search for unfamiliar stimuli and in the absence of special higher-order skills, (2) COG fixations reliably reduced the number of stimulus fixations and their dwell times, indicating processing of multiple distractors, and (3) the proportion of COG fixations was dynamically adapted to potential information gain of COG locations. A second experiment showed that COG fixations are diminished when stimulus positions unpredictably vary across trials. Together, the results support the multiple-item processing view, which has important implications for current theories of visual search.

Acoustic Factors in Visual Search

1968 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. J. Corcoran ◽  
D. L. Weening
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Acoustic Event ◽  
Acoustic Correlates

Previous work has shown that in searching for existing or absent “e.s” in printed prose, the presence or absence of silent “e.s” was less likely to be detected than that of pronounced “e.s.” It was suggested that the acoustic or kinaesthetic “image” was searched for evidence of an “e” in addition to the visual stimulus and that evidence from both sources was considered in making the appropriate response. The present experiment employs mainly substitutive errors within words, which may or may not change their pronunciation. The results suggest that the form of the acoustic correlates has no bearing upon whether the words are detected as wrongly spelt, but that the presence or absence of an acoustic event corresponding in time to the spatial location of the error is important.

EXPRESS: Schizotypy is associated with difficulty maintaining multiple hypotheses

2020 ◽  
pp. 174702182098225
Author(s):  
Oren Griffiths ◽  
Ryan Balzan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Continuum Model ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Predictive Information ◽  
Probabilistic Information ◽  
Multiple Hypotheses ◽  
Disconfirming Information

Amongst neurocognitive accounts of delusions, there is a growing consensus that it is the certainty with which delusions are held, rather than their content, that defines some beliefs as delusional. On a continuum model of psychosis this inappropriate certainty ought to be present (albeit in an attenuated form) in healthy adults who score highly in schizotypy. It was hypothesized that this might be most evident in circumstances where the environment provides incomplete or probabilistic information, which thereby forces the participant to hold two imperfectly-supported, concurrent hypotheses in mind. A cued visual search task was used to measure people’s capacity to use partially predictive information (i.e. a cue that predicted the target may occur in one of two locations) to facilitate speeded responding. As hypothesized, people’s performance on the trials that required holding two hypotheses in mind concurrently was significantly and specifically associated with the positive components of schizotypy. This finding is consistent with a hyperfocusing of attention in schizophrenia, and may help explain why delusion-prone individuals have a tendency to ‘jump to conclusions’ or be resistant to disconfirming information when faced with multiple, partially supported hypotheses.

scholarly journals The effects of characteristic and spatially congruent sounds on visual search in natural visual scenes

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 888-888
Author(s):  
D. K. Rogers ◽  
J. S. Chan ◽  
F. N. Newell
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Visual Scenes

Classification without Identification in Visual Search

1971 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Brand
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Visual Feature ◽  
Visual Scanning ◽  
Scanning Time ◽  
Single Target ◽  
Letter Display ◽  
Specific Number

Six subjects scanned displays of random consonants for a single target which was (a) another consonant; (b) a given number; or (c) any number. A second group of six subjects took part in three comparable conditions with number displays, and letters or numbers as targets. Scanning time for a number in a letter display or a letter in a number display was more rapid than scanning for a target drawn from the same set as the background. Several unpractised subjects, and all the subjects who practised the task, were able to scan as fast through letters for “any number” as for a specific number, or conversely through digits. The finding of different scanning rates for two precisely physically specified targets, depending on which class they were drawn from, runs counter to an explanation of high-speed scanning in terms of the operation of visual feature analysers. It is suggested that familiar categorization responses may be immediate and may provide the basis for the discrimination of relevant from irrelevant items in rapid visual scanning.

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