present experiment
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Author(s):  
T. Anand ◽  
A. Srinivasan ◽  
P. Padmavathy ◽  
P. Jawahar ◽  
J. Stephen Sampathkumar

Background: Nursery rearing of Penaeus vannamei became inevitable in the Indian shrimp farming industry, since intensification of culture practices in grow-out systems caused nitrogenous wastes accumulation, diseases, mortality and premature harvests resulted in high food conversion ratio, lower production and profits. The nursery rearing in traditional water exchange systems often getting failure because of nitrogenous waste accumulation. Hence, the present experiment was planned to rear P. vannamei in bioflocs systems (BFS) with different salinities and carbon sources. Methods: The experiment was conducted in 0.22 m3 tanks with three different salinity groups viz., 35 ppt, 20 ppt and 5 ppt and in each salinity sugar, molasses used as carbon sources to maintain an estimated C/N ratio of 15:1 and controls without carbon sources. Experimental tanks were stocked @6 post larvae/l, with pre-salinity acclimatized P.vannamei seeds having 0.0029±0.0003g size and nursed for a period of 5 weeks. Result: The nitrogenous waste accumulation was reduced significantly (p less than 0.05), also average body weight and survival rate of the seeds showed significant difference (p less than 0.001) between treatments and controls and within treatments (p less than 0.05). Salinity, carbon sources and their interaction influenced the growth characteristics significantly (p less than 0.01). The present experiment manifested promising results of bioflocs nurseries in rearing of P. vannamei seeds at different salinities.


2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
Akram Abdulrahman

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate soil samples which had been taken from depths ranging from 0-30 cm in greenhouses planted with different vegetables such as cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers and eggplants in 24 agricultural sites in 19 villages. GIS application was used to make maps showing the results of a field survey that was conducted. The experiment was conducted for an area of 12 km2 in the Tainal Plain, west of Sulaimaniyah Province. Nearly 30% of the soil of the greenhouses were heavily infected. Plant analysis showed that the characteristics of ash, fat and moisture were significantly affected as a result of infection with nematodes. The spread of root-knot nematode juveniles in the villages of Al-Mahmoudia, Kani Pengsharma and Kani Shaya was 706, 695 and 622 per 250 g of soil. In tissues of the studied plants, the highest nitrogen content was 68.2 mg in Ziyeka, 60.4 mg in Gawani and 59.7 mg in Ali Bzaw. Phosphorus concentrations were highest in Kani Shaya, Shwankara and Ziyeka (25.5, 25.3 and 23.1 mg, respectively). Warmizyar had 91.8 mg of potassium, Kani Shaya had 78.6 mg and Kani Big had 71.6 mg. The calcium concentrations in Ziyeka, Gawani and Mewk were 54.5, 48.4 and 47.7 mg, respectively.


Perception ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 030100662110599
Author(s):  
Gernot Horstmann ◽  
Linda Linke

Another person's looking behavior is used by observers to judge gaze direction and fixation points. An important task in this context is the judgement of direct gaze, that is, the perception of being looked at. The cone of gaze can be defined as the range of fixation points that support direct gaze. The cone concept implies that this range lawfully increases with distance, but that the cone angle is constant. The present experiment tested the concept with a larger number and a more extended range of distances than previously done, and took care of possible directional errors. The gaze cone was found to be roughly linear, and stable between 1.6 m and 7.9 m – an almost perfect cone. The mean cone size subtended 5.2° in diameter when averaged over ascending and descending series. Measures differed, however, in ascending and descending series, consistent with a conservative bias. Also, the variability of judgements increased slightly with distance. Results are discussed considering whether cone size is actually smaller than often reported in the literature.


2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110478
Author(s):  
Donald Laming

Thirty-three participants viewed 1,000 pictures for 6 s each. Recognition was tested after 10 different intervals of time by mixing 100 of the original 1,000 with 100 new pictures. Participants judged each test picture “Old” or “New” on a 6-point scale. The unequal-variance recognition model is reinterpreted to estimate the probability of retrieval of an original (1,000) picture after each lapse of time. A second model then relates those different estimates of accessibility to the lapse of time, taking into account the interference on each test from pictures presented in preceding tests. Studies of category judgement explain (a) why the model distributions are normal, (b) why the operating characteristics are asymmetric, (c) why they are curvilinear, and (d) why the asymmetry decreases with lapse of time, this to justify a particular estimate of accessibility (probability of retrieval). Nine candidate functions are shown to the accessibilities. The underlying relation is a power law, but the exponent is poorly determined by the data (−1.5, −0.5), as also is the offset from the temporal origin. Comparisons with previous work identify two different relationships with respect to lapse of time: The retrieval of a unique image shows an approximately reciprocal loss, whereas a decrease in the amount of material reproduced by recall, recognition, or other method is approximately logarithmic. The present experiment exhibits both relationships, depending on whether specific account is taken of the effects of interference or, alternatively, interference is entirely ignored.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Hlavica ◽  
Patrick Bárta

The presented text attempts to assess the possibilities and limitations of processing Great Moravian currency bars (by domestic archaeologists traditionally called axe-shaped hryvnias) into the form of an end product – a tool in the form of an axe – using an archaeological experiment. In this manner, it is also testing the possibilities of the axe-shaped bars to remain in circulation as tokens of general-purpose money. The present experiment shows that the processing of these bars is considerably loss-making, which means that in the case of their circulation as tokens, their withdrawal from circulation for the purpose of their practical utilization would be unlikely. The text also attempts to model the genesis of axe-shaped currency, seeing their roots in Moravian social currency, which probably originally had the form of real axes. During the social and political changes of the Great Moravian period, this currency acquired the form of stylised semi-finished products and were probably also integrated in anonymous market transactions at least in part of Great Moravian territory.


Author(s):  
Sanganamoni Srinivas ◽  
Lakmalla Vinay ◽  
Gaibriyal M. Lal

The present experiment was carried out to study the 40 chickpea genotypes to evaluate the Genetic diversity among the chickpea genotypes for yield and yield contributing traits and to identify genetically divergent parents for future hybridization. The present experiment was carried out during rabi 2019-2020 in Randomized complete block design with three replications at Sam Higginbottom university of agriculture technology and sciences, Prayagraj, Allahabad, U.P. The data was analyzed for 13 quantitative traits to study genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, genetic advance as percent of the mean. The magnitude of genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic co-efficient recorded highest for a number of seeds for plant (33.31 and 34.24), high heritability associated with high genetic advance was recorded for a number of secondary branches for plant (97.11 and 59.98) suggesting that there was greater role of additive gene action in inheritance. The distribution of 40 genotypes into six clusters was by Tocher’s method at a random with the Maximum number of genotypes were grouped into cluster I which includes 29 genotypes. The highest intra-cluster distance was observed for cluster I (59.53) which comprised of 29 genotypes. The highest inter-cluster distance (407.97) was found between clusters II and VI. Genotypes (IPC-71, IPC 04-52, JG-31416, L-550, IPCK 09-165, ICC-244263, IPC 94-94 and IPC 06-11 to these clusters may be used as parents to create transgressive segregants. Cluster VI recorded maximum mean values for the number of primary branches per plant (3.67), number of secondary branches per plant (6.47), number of pods per plant (117.13), number of seeds per plant (155.53), and seed yield per plant (g) (25.94).


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Ara ◽  
Josep Marco-Pallarés

AbstractMusic-evoked pleasantness has been extensively reported to be modulated by familiarity. Nevertheless, while the brain temporal dynamics underlying the process of giving value to music are beginning to be understood, little is known about how familiarity might modulate the oscillatory activity associated with music-evoked pleasantness. The goal of the present experiment was to study the influence of familiarity in the relation between theta phase synchronization and music-evoked pleasantness. EEG was recorded from 22 healthy participants while they were listening to both familiar and unfamiliar music and rating the experienced degree of evoked pleasantness. By exploring interactions, we found that right fronto-temporal theta synchronization was positively associated with music-evoked pleasantness when listening to unfamiliar music. On the contrary, inter-hemispheric temporo-parietal theta synchronization was positively associated with music-evoked pleasantness when listening to familiar music. These results shed some light on the possible oscillatory mechanisms underlying fronto-temporal and temporo-parietal connectivity and their relationship with music-evoked pleasantness and familiarity.


Author(s):  
Jorn J. Flach ◽  
Anoek K. Schotborgh ◽  
Rob Withagen ◽  
Joanne Smith

AbstractEarlier studies have revealed that changes in action capabilities due to fatigue or wearing a backpack have an effect on the perception of distance in meters or steepness in angles. Although these findings are interesting by themselves, they leave us uninformed about whether the accuracy of affordance perception is affected by fatigue. Are people still capable of accurately perceiving the maximum distance jumpable after an intense physical exercise? In the present experiment, this question is addressed. We found that after maximal exertion in a squatting task, the actual maximum jumping distance significantly decreased, but recovered quickly. Interestingly, on average, the participants accurately perceived their maximum jumping distance both before and after the squatting task. Apparently, the accuracy of the affordance perception remains intact after an intense physical exercise. The implications of this finding are discussed.


Author(s):  
Manideepa Roy Pooja Upasana Bhanj ◽  
Sipra Mohapatra Ankan Das

Pomegranate fruits are very beneficial to us and if some processed thing can be developed from it, further enhanced with extracts of important horticultural plants than it can be additionally more useful to us. Therefore, keeping this thing in mind, the work was undertaken. In the present experiment fortified pomegranate jam was prepared and analyzed. The preparation of jam, by adding extract of beneficial horticultural plants along with specified concentration of pectin and sodium benzoate was done with continuous stirring while heating. The extracts used for fortification of the jam were taken from mint, coriander, green tea, coffee and basil. Overall there were six treatments including the control. After preparation of the fortified pomegranate jam, they were stored in glass bottle in refrigerated condition. All the treatments were replicated three times and Completely Randomized Design was used for statistical analysis. Attributes were studied in the laboratory at different days of storage interval. From the total experiment it was obtained that the pomegranate jam fortified with coriander seed and basil extract were the best which was followed by green tea extract as fortifying agent, as they showed good results.


Author(s):  
Narendra Singh Solanki Parmanand Sen ◽  
Lal Singh Ramshankar Pawak

The present experiment was conducted during October 2011 – April 2012 in the Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology and Science, Allahabad, (U.P.). The experiment of design was randomized block design consisting 11 treatment with 3 replication, with a view to find out the overall performance of different cultivars of Glodiolus viz. Panjab Morning (T1), Green Bay (T2), Noualux blue (T3), American Beauty (T4), Priscilla (T5),White Prosperity (T6) Red Majesty (T7), Summer Shunshine (T8) Delhi local (T9), Noualux (T10), Candyman (T11),. On the basis of different growth and yield parameters the maximum days for first floret durability (6.16). were recorded by White Prosperity (T6) followed by American Beauty (T4) (5.76). The maximum number of spike length (95.13cm) was obtained in White Prosperity (T6) followed by Red Majesty (T7) (94.16). The maximum weight of spike (64.40 g) was observed in White Prosperity (T6) followed by American Beauty (T4) (64.33g). The maximum floret diameter (12.63cm) was found in Summer Pearl (T8) followed by White Prosperity (T6) (12.53cm). The maximum number of floret per spike (18.00) was found in White Prosperity (T6) followed by American Beauty (T4) (17.73). The maximum number of spikes per plant (5.33) was observed in Delhi Local (T9) followed by White Prosperity (T6) (1.3). Which can be recommended for cultivation in Allahabad agro-climatic condition.


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