scholarly journals Auditory information-integration category learning in young children and adults

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey L Roark ◽  
Lori L. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Category Learning ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Multiple Dimensions

Adults outperform children on category learning that requires selective attention to individual dimensions (rule-based categories) due to their more highly developed working memory abilities, but much less is known about developmental differences in learning categories that require integration across multiple dimensions (information-integration categories). The current study investigates auditory information-integration category learning in 5-7-year-old children (n = 34) and 18-25-year-old adults (n = 35). Adults generally outperformed children during learning. However, some children learned the categories well and used strategies similar to those of adults, assessed through decision bound computational models. The results demonstrate that information-integration learning ability continues to develop throughout at least middle childhood. These results have implications for the development of mechanisms that contribute to speech category learning.

scholarly journals Variability within and across individuals during auditory category learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey L Roark ◽  
Bharath Chandrasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Adult Learners ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Category Learning ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Learning Problems ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Fundamental Process ◽  
Suboptimal Strategies

The ability to organize variable acoustic signals into discrete categories is a fundamental process supporting speech perception. Adult learners can acquire complex, multidimensional auditory categories via feedback. There is substantial variability across individuals in how quickly and how well they learn auditory categories; however, it is unclear how the same individual approaches different category learning problems. We trained the same participants on three types of multidimensional auditory categories with different distributional structure (rule-based, information-integration) and from different auditory domains (nonspeech, speech). Consistent with prior work, there was substantial variability in both how well individuals learned the different categories and the strategies they used. As a novel contribution, we found that within an individual, learning outcomes were related across all three tasks and success across tasks was related to working memory capacity. Across tasks, we found that the same individual tailored their strategies for the specific task at hand, rather than systematically applying the same kind of strategy across different tasks. It was also uncommon for participants to shift toward an optimal strategy across different tasks and, instead, most participants used a mix of optimal and suboptimal strategies. These results indicate that auditory category learning may be supported by a category-general learning ability and highlight the importance of considering variability within an individual as they learn categories with different requirements.

scholarly journals Rule-based and information-integration category learning in normal aging

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 2998-3008 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Todd Maddox ◽  
Jennifer Pacheco ◽  
Maia Reeves ◽  
Bo Zhu ◽  
David M. Schnyer
Keyword(s):  
Category Learning ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
Normal Aging ◽  
Rule Based

Discontinuous Categories Affect Information-Integration but Not Rule-Based Category Learning.

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Todd Maddox ◽  
J. Vincent Filoteo ◽  
J. Scott Lauritzen ◽  
Emily Connally ◽  
Kelli D. Hejl
Keyword(s):  
Category Learning ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
Rule Based

scholarly journals Neural Correlates of Rule-Based and Information-Integration Visual Category Learning

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Nomura ◽  
W. Maddox ◽  
J. Filoteo ◽  
A. Ing ◽  
D. Gitelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Category Learning ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Visual Category Learning

scholarly journals Learning of speech categories in humans and Zebra Finches

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Botskaris ◽  
B. Kriengwatana ◽  
C. ten Cate
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Category Learning ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Zebra Finches ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Multiple Systems ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
Methods Of Learning

AbstractThe survival of organisms depends highly on their ability to adjust their behavior according to proper categorizations of various events. More than one strategy can be used in categorization. One is the Rule-Based (RB) strategy and the other is Information-Integration (II) strategy. In this research we analyzed the differences between avian and human cognition. Twelve Greek listeners and four Zebra finches were tested in speech category learning tasks. In particular, both humans and Zebra finches had to categorize between Dutch vowels that differ on duration, frequency or both depending on the condition. Feedback was given for correct and incorrect responses. The results showed that humans and Zebra finches are probably using the same methods of learning depending on the categorization tasks that they are exposed to. If Zebra Finches are actually able to acquire (RB) and (II) category structures using the same strategies as humans, the utility of multiple systems of categorization might not be restricted to primates as current literature suggest.

scholarly journals Auditory and visual category learning in musicians and non-musicians

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey L Roark ◽  
Kirsten Smayda ◽  
Bharath Chandrasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Category Learning ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
Temporal Modulation ◽  
Processing Stage ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Reasoning Process ◽  
Visual Category Learning ◽  
Pitch Frequency ◽  
Reflective Reasoning ◽  
Amateur Musicians

We compare the ability of amateur musicians and non-musicians in learning artificial auditory and visual categories that can be described as either rule-based (RB) or information-integration (II) category structures. RB categories are optimally learned using a reflective reasoning process, whereas II categories are optimally learned by integrating information from two stimulus dimensions at a reflexive, pre-decisional processing stage. Across two experiments, we found that music experience was beneficial to learning auditory categories. In Experiment 1, musicians enrolled in a music college demonstrated advantages over non-musicians in learning RB auditory categories defined on pitch frequency and duration dimensions but did not demonstrate differences in learning II auditory categories or either RB or II visual categories. In Experiment 2, a broader online sample of musicians demonstrated advantages over non-musicians in learning both RB and II auditory categories defined on spectral and temporal modulation dimensions. Musicians’ category learning advantage is limited to their modality of expertise and is category-specific in a way that depends on the dimensions used to define the categories.

scholarly journals Posterror slowing predicts rule-based but not information-integration category learning

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1343-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Tam ◽  
W. Todd Maddox ◽  
Cynthia L. Huang-Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Category Learning ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Posterror Slowing
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