Associations of Wellbeing Levels, Changes, and Within-Person Variability With Late-Life All-Cause Mortality Across 12 Years: Contrasting Hedonic vs. Eudaimonic Wellbeing Among Very Old Adults

Advanced old age has been characterized as a biologically highly vulnerable life phase. Biological, morbidity-, and cognitive impairment-related factors play an important role as mortality predictors among very old adults. However, it is largely unknown whether previous findings confirming the role of different wellbeing domains for mortality translate to survival among the oldest-old individuals. Moreover, the distinction established in the wellbeing literature between hedonic and eudaimonic wellbeing as well as the consideration of within-person variability of potentially relevant mortality predictors has not sufficiently been addressed in prior mortality research. In this study, we examined a broad set of hedonic and eudaimonic wellbeing indicators, including their levels, their changes, as well as their within-person variability, as predictors of all-cause mortality in a sample of very old individuals. We used data from the LateLine study, a 7-year longitudinal study based on a sample of n = 124 individuals who were living alone and who were aged 87–97 years (M = 90.6, SD = 2.9) at baseline. Study participants provided up to 16 measurement occasions (mean number of measurement occasions per individual = 5.50, SD = 4.79) between 2009 and 2016. Dates of death were available for 118 individuals (95.2%) who had deceased between 2009 and 2021. We ran longitudinal multilevel structural equation models and specified between-person level differences, within-person long-term linear change trends, as well as the “detrended” within-person variability in three indicators of hedonic (i.e., life satisfaction and positive and negative affect) and four indicators of eudaimonic wellbeing (i.e., purpose in life, autonomy, environmental mastery, and self-acceptance) as all-cause mortality predictors. Controlling for age, gender, education, and physical condition and testing our sets of hedonic and eudaimonic indictors separately in terms of their mortality impact, solely one eudaimonic wellbeing indicator, namely, autonomy, showed significant effects on survival. Surprisingly, autonomy appeared “paradoxically” related with mortality, with high individual levels and intraindividual highly stable perceptions of autonomy being associated with a shorter residual lifetime. Thus, it seems plausible that accepting dependency and changing perceptions of autonomy over time in accordance with objectively remaining capabilities might become adaptive for survival in very old age.

The Old Adults’ Emotional Wellness and Spiritual Well-being with an Emphasis on Physical Activity during COVID-19 Pandemic

Background and Purpose: COVID-19 pandemic is a challenge for improving health during lockdown. Unfortunately, the concern which is expressed as for the welfare and the health of the elderly contradicts the actions undertaken for their health and welfare. The psychological research conducted during COVID-19 pandemic rarely include the people over 60 years old. Hence, the purpose of the current study was to compare emotional wellness and psychological health of active and inactive old adults in Shahrood city with an emphasis on physical activity during COVID-19 pandemic. The subject of the present research is an interdisciplinary one. Materials and Methods: The current study was a practical descriptive survey. The statistical population of the research were all the elderly aged over 60 years in Shahrood in 2020 (based on the latest census equal to 17173 people). The sample size was estimated based on Cochran formula following convenience sampling method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, and the data were analyzed using SPSS and Excel Software. Results: The findings indicated that the level of emotional wellness and spiritual well-being of active old adults was more than that of inactive old adults, and inactive old adults had higher levels of unpleasant feelings than active old adults. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it is essential that the elderly keep doing the recommended amount of exercise and physical activity. Although this could be challenging for them both to have access to sport clubs and parks and to follow health protocols, there are extensive creative activities which could be replaced in order to stay in health and active at home.

Influence of Physically Active or Sedentary Lifestyle on Postural Control of Community-dwelling Old Adults

Objectives: The maintenance of the postural balance is fundamental for the daily living activities, as well as for the practice of physical exercise. However, the aging process and sedentary behavior (i.e., large sitting time) lead to changes biological systems, impairing postural balance with consequent increased falls risk. On the other hand, physical activity practice is a protective factor against these trends. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of physical activity profile and sedentary behavior on postural control in community-dwelling old adults.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study including 208 community-dwelling old adults, which were stratified as sufficiently or insufficiently physically active and with or without sedentary behavior. Then, they were grouped as follow: G1 (sufficiently physically active and without sedentary behavior), G2 (insufficiently physically active, but without sedentary behavior), G3 (sufficiently physically active, but with sedentary behavior), and G4 (insufficiently physically active and with sedentary behavior).Results: Stabilometric parameters (sway area, total length of center of pressure [CoP] trajectory, and the mean velocity of CP displacement) were obtained to evaluate the postural control. There was significant difference between G1 and G4 on mean velocity of CoP displacement (p < 0.05).Conclusions: The coexistence of sedentary behavior and insufficient physically active profile seem to impact negatively on postural control.

The association between educational level and multimorbidity among adults in Southeast Asia: A systematic review

Background In Southeast Asia, the prevalence of multimorbidity is gradually increasing. This paper aimed to investigate the association between educational level and multimorbidity among over 15-years old adults in Southeast Asia. Methods We conducted a systematic review of published observational studies. Studies were selected according to eligibility criteria of addressing definition and prevalence of multimorbidity and associations between level of education and multimorbidity in Southeast Asia. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to measure the quality and risk of bias. The methodology has been published in PROSPERO with registered number ID: CRD42021259311. Results Eighteen studies were included in the data synthesis. The results are presented using narrative synthesis due to the heterogeneity of differences in exposures, outcomes, and methodology. The prevalence of multimorbidity ranged from 1.7% to 72.6% among over 18 years-old adults and from 1.5% to 51.5% among older people (≥ 60 years). There were three association patterns linking between multimorbidity and education in these studies: (1) higher education reducing odds of multimorbidity, (2) higher education increasing odds of multimorbidity and (3) education having no association with multimorbidity. The association between educational attainment and multimorbidity also varies widely across countries. In Singapore, three cross-sectional studies showed that education had no association with multimorbidity among adults. However, in Indonesia, four cross-sectional studies found higher educated persons to have higher odds of multimorbidity among over 40-years-old persons. Conclusions Published studies have shown inconsistent associations between education and multimorbidity because of different national contexts and the lack of relevant research in the region concerned. Enhancing objective data collection such as physical examinations would be necessary for studies of the connection between multimorbidity and education. It can be hypothesised that more empirical research would reveal that a sound educational system can help people prevent multimorbidity.

The Correlation Between Stress And Hypertension In Society

Hypertension is a disease of high blodd pressure in which the blooad pressure in the arteries exceeds normal limits. It is caused by various factors, such as increasing age, stress, unhealthy consumtion patterns, obesity, and jeredity. Stress is physical and psychological pressure that occurs on oneself and take place continuously. This literature review aimed determine the correlation between stress and hypertension in the community. The method used in teh study was a literature review, by accessing the Google Scholar and PubMed databases using the keywords “Stress” AND “Hypertension” AND “Society”. Participants in this study were public from young adults, middle adults, and old adults who had a P-Value of 0,000. The results of this study indicated that there was a relationship between stress and hypertension in the community, seen from the five articles that experienced stress as many as 204 respondents and had hypertension as much as 82%. This is a correlation between stress and hypertension in the community. It is hoped that it can provide further nursing intervensions in overcoming stress and hypertension problems in the community.Keywords: Stress; Hypertension; Public. AbstrakHipertensi adalah penyakit darah tinggi dimana tekanan darah dalam arteri melebihi batas normal. Hal ini disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, seperti bertambahnya usiam stres, pola konsumsi yang tidak sehat, kegemukan, dan keturunan. Stres adalah suatu tekanan fisik dan psikis yang terjadi pada diri sendiri dan berlangsung secara terus menerus. Literature Review ini yaitu untuk mengetahui hubungan stres dengan hipertensi pada masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah literature review, dengan mengakses database Google Scholar dan Pubmed dengan menggunakan kata kunci “Stres” AND “Hipertensi” AND “Masyarakat”. Partisipan pada studi ini adalah masyarakat dari usia dewasa muda, dewasa menengah, dan dewasa tua yang didapatkan P-Value 0,000, diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode melalui cross sectional. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa ada hubungan stres dengan hipertensi pada masyarakat, dilihat dari kelima artikel yang mengalami stres sebanyak 204 responden dan mengalami hipertensi sebanyak 82%. Hasil penelitian ini diketahui ada hubungan stres dengan hipertensi pada masyarakat, diharapkan dapat memberikan intervensi keperawatan lebih lanjut dalam mengatasi masalah stres dan hipertensi pada masyarakat.Kata kunci: Stres1; Hipertensi; Masyarakat