scholarly journals Criminal Legal Challenges to the Uptake of Effective HIV Transmission Prevention Technologies and the Role of Medical Advice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J Carter
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Safer Sex ◽  
Medical Advice ◽  
Treatment As Prevention ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
Transmission Prevention ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Prevention Of Hiv

Treatment-as-prevention (‘TasP’ or ‘U=U’) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (‘PrEP’) represent major advances in the prevention of HIV transmission. As time progresses, both interventions are having positive impacts on HIV transmission rates in Australia and are refashioning the meaning of ‘safer sex’ amongst priority populations.Despite this success, there is a risk that the law will undermine the effectiveness of these important new interventions by failing to keep up with these advances. It is time to implement a ‘medical advice’ law that will ensure that public health law remains evidence-based while reinforcing the doctor-patient relationship.

scholarly journals Prevention of HIV transmission in the UK: what is the role of male circumcision?

2008 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. MacDonald ◽  
J. Humphreys ◽  
H. W Jaffe
Keyword(s):  
Male Circumcision ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Prevention Of Hiv

scholarly journals What do patients consulting in a free STI center know about HIV transmission and prevention?

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Duteil ◽  
E de La Rochebrochard ◽  
P Piron ◽  
C Segouin ◽  
P Troude
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Needle Exchange ◽  
Treatment As Prevention ◽  
False Beliefs ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Prevention Messages ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Abstract Background Despite therapeutic progress, HIV remains a public health issue with about 6400 new HIV contaminations each year in France. HIV prevention relies on health education, early screening, treatment as prevention, post and pre-exposure prophylaxis. Patients’ visits to free sexually transmitted infections (STIs) screening centers (CeGIDD) are opportunities to spread prevention messages. This study aimed to assess level of HIV knowledge in a Parisian CeGIDD to improve prevention messages. Methods The study included patients older than 18 who came for STIs testing between August 2017 and August 2018 and who understand written French language. Data were collected by a self-administered electronic questionnaire filled in before medical consultation. It included sociodemographic data and knowledge regarding HIV transmission and prevention. Results The study included 2002 patients. The median age was 27 years and 66% were men. More than 96% of patients know that HIV transmission is possible through unprotected sexual intercourse and through needle exchange. However, some misconceptions persist: 20% of patients believe that HIV transmission is possible from using public toilets and 22% by mosquito bite. Prevention measures perceived as “absolutely or rather efficient” by patients were: using condom (97%), requesting a screening test from his partners (91%), getting screening tests regularly (90%), choosing his partners correctly (62%), having sex with few different partners (50%). Half of patients heard of post-exposure prophylaxis (51%). Conclusions Main modes of HIV transmission are well known (unprotected intercourse and needle exchange). However, false beliefs regarding prevention may lead to risk behavior (doing screening test regularly doesn’t protect against HIV) and need to be explored. Moreover, assessment of variation in level of HIV knowledge according to patient’s profile may help to target prevention message according to specific populations. Key messages Main modes of HIV transmission are well known. False beliefs regarding modes of prevention need to be explored to target HIV prevention messages.

scholarly journals Challenges and potential barriers to the uptake of antiretroviral-based prevention in Asia and the Pacific region

Sexual Health ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Ru Lo ◽  
Masaya Kato ◽  
Nittaya Phanuphak ◽  
Masami Fujita ◽  
Duong Bui Duc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Treatment As Prevention ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Prep Implementation ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv Acquisition ◽  
Operational Issues ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Firm Evidence

Evidence has emerged over the past few years on the effectiveness of antiretroviral-based prevention technologies to prevent (i) HIV transmission while decreasing morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected persons, and (ii) HIV acquisition in HIV-uninfected individuals through pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Only few of the planned studies on treatment as prevention (TasP) are conducted in Asia. TasP might be more feasible and effective in concentrated rather than in generalised epidemics, as resources for HIV testing and antiretroviral treatment could focus on confined and much smaller populations than in the generalised epidemics observed in sub-Saharan Africa. Several countries such as Cambodia, China, Thailand and Vietnam, are now paving the way to success. Similar challenges arise for both TasP and PrEP. However, the operational issues for PrEP are amplified by the need for frequent retesting and ensuring adherence. This paper describes challenges for the implementation of antiretroviral-based prevention and makes the case that TasP and PrEP implementation research in Asia is much needed to provide insights into the feasibility of these interventions in populations where firm evidence of ‘real world’ effectiveness is still lacking.

HIV Transmission Prevention

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Chu ◽  
Christopher M. Bositis
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Needle Exchange Programs ◽  
Hiv Acquisition ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Prevention Of Hiv

The prevention of HIV transmission involves a number of behavioral, structural, and biomedical interventions. Behavioral methods include education about sexual health, drug use, and risk reduction, as well as specific messages for at-risk populations who are HIV positive. Needle exchange programs and consistent use of condoms have proven effective for prevention of HIV infection. Post-exposure prophylaxis against HIV with antiviral drugs is often recommended in occupational health care and non-occupational settings. Voluntary male circumcision also reduces the risk of HIV acquisition. The treatment of pregnant women who are HIV infected can effectively eliminate mother-to-child transmission of the virus. Recently, the use of antiretroviral drugs for pre-exposure prophylaxis has proven highly effective in preventing HIV infections in high-risk groups including men who have sex with men. Promising therapies that likely will be available in the future include injectable antiviral drugs, vaginal microbicides, and HIV vaccines.

scholarly journals Technologies for HIV prevention and care: challenges for health services

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 104-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivia Maksud ◽  
Nilo Martinez Fernandes ◽  
Sandra Lucia Filgueiras
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Treatment As Prevention ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Current Context ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

ABSTRACTThis article aims to consider some relevant challenges to the provision of "new prevention technologies" in health services in a scenario where the "advances" in the global response to AIDS control are visible. We take as material for analysis the information currently available on the HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), treatment as prevention (TASP) and over the counter. The methodology consisted of the survey and analysis of the Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS: MEDLINE, LILACS, WHOLIS, PAHO, SciELO) articles that addressed the issue of HIV prevention and care in the context of so-called new prevention technologies. The results of the studies show that there is assistance on the ground of clinics for the treatment of disease responses, but there are several challenges related to the sphere of prevention. The articles list some challenges regarding to management, organization of services and the attention given by health professionals to users. The current context shows evidence of the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy in reducing the risk of HIV transmission, but the challenges for the provision of preventive technologies in health services permeate health professionals and users in their individual dimensions and health services in organizational and structural dimension. Interventions should be made available in a context of community mobilization; there should be no pressure on people to make HIV testing, antiretroviral treatment or for prevention. In the management is responsible for the training of health professionals to inform, clarify and make available to users, partners and family information about the new antiretroviral use strategies.

scholarly journals Bareback Sex in the Age of Preventative Medication: Rethinking the ‘Harms’ of HIV Transmission

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 596-614
Author(s):  
Chris Ashford ◽  
Max Morris ◽  
Alex Powell
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Scientific Change ◽  
Treatment As Prevention ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Access To Treatment ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

The experiences of people living with HIV have been transformed over recent years. Advances in medical science have made the virus a manageable chronic condition, while eliminating the risk of onward transmission for those with access to treatment, something referred to as TasP (treatment as prevention) or U=U (undetectable equals untransmissible). More recently, the availability of PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis), alongside PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis), through the NHS has created the conditions for condomless sexual encounters to take place without the fear of HIV transmission associated with previous decades. Despite this, the criminal law has continued to frame HIV in terms of personal responsibility and bodily autonomy within the dominant narratives of danger, disease, and out-dated science. Doctrinal law has failed to keep pace with social and scientific change. Therefore, in this article, we provide a re-examination of the criminal issues relating to HIV transmission within this new landscape, arguing that it necessitates a shift in attitude, policy and doctrine. We specifically argue that HIV transmission does not meet the appropriate harm threshold to constitute GBH and that if criminal law is ultimately about preventing or regulating harm, the ongoing criminalisation of HIV transmission is counter to that aim.

The Role of Mucosal Immunity in Prevention of HIV Transmission

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Kozlowski ◽  
Marian Neutra
Keyword(s):  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Prevention Of Hiv
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document