scholarly journals From “if-then” to “what if?” Rethinking Healthcare Algorithmics with Posthuman Speculative Ethics PRE_PRINT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Smith

This paper discusses the role that algorithmic thinking and management plays in healthcare and the kind of exclusions this might create. We argue that evidence-based medicine relies on research and data to create pathways for patient journeys. Coupled with data-based algorithmic prediction tools in healthcare, they establish what could be called health algorithmics – a mode of management of healthcare that produces forms of algorithmic governmentality. Relying on a critical posthumanist perspective, we show how healthcare algorithmics is contingent on the way authority over bodies is produced and how predictive healthcare algorithms reproduce inequalities of the worlds from which they are made, centering possible futures on existing normativities regulated through algorithmic biopower. In contrast to that, we explore posthuman speculative ethics was a way to challenge understanding of “ethics” and “care” in healthcare algorithmics. We suggest some possible avenues towards working speculative ethics into healthcare while still being critically attentive to algorithmic modes of management and prediction in healthcare

Author(s):  
Jon Williamson

The EBM+ programme is an attempt to improve the way in which present-day evidence-based medicine (EBM) assesses causal claims: according to EBM+, mechanistic studies should be scrutinised alongside association studies. This paper addresses two worries about EBM+: (i) that it is not feasible in practice, and (ii) that it is too malleable, i.e., its results depend on subjective choices that need to be made in order to implement the procedure. Several responses to these two worries are considered and evaluated. The paper also discusses the question of whether we should have confidence in medical interventions, in the light of Stegenga's arguments for medical nihilism.


1997 ◽  
Vol 171 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Anderson

The directive that we should be ‘for evidence-based medicine’ has the same moral imperative as Queen Elizabeth's affirmation that she is ‘against sin’. It seems impossible to take an opposing view without abandoning reason or at least ethics. And yet a feeling of uneasiness, or at least caution, stands in the way of wholehearted endorsement – why?


2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Robert Metelmann ◽  
Christian Seebauer ◽  
Rico Rutkowski ◽  
Matthias Schuster ◽  
Sander Bekeschus ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rani Anjum

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) continues to be vigorously debated and person-centered healthcare (PCH) has been proposed as an improvement. But is PCH offered as a supplement to or as a replacement of EBM? Prima facie PCH only concerns the practice of medicine, while the contended features of EBM also include specific methods and the biomedical model. In this paper I argue that there are good philosophical reasons to see PCH as a radical alternative to the existing medical paradigm of EBM, since the two seem committed to conflicting ontologies. I will aim to make explicit some of the most fundamental assumptions that motivate EBM and PCH in order to show that the choice between them ultimately comes down to ontological preference. While EBM has a solid foundation in positivism, or what I here call Humeanism, PCH is more consistent with causal dispositionalism. I conclude that if there is a paradigmatic revolution on the way in medicine, it is first of all one of ontology.


Praxis ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 91 (34) ◽  
pp. 1352-1356
Author(s):  
Harder ◽  
Blum

Cholangiokarzinome oder cholangiozelluläre Karzinome (CCC) sind seltene Tumoren des biliären Systems mit einer Inzidenz von 2–4/100000 pro Jahr. Zu ihnen zählen die perihilären Gallengangskarzinome (Klatskin-Tumore), mit ca. 60% das häufigste CCC, die peripheren (intrahepatischen) Cholangiokarzinome, das Gallenblasenkarzinom, die Karzinome der extrahepatischen Gallengänge und das periampulläre Karzinom. Zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnose ist nur bei etwa 20% eine chirurgische Resektion als einzige kurative Therapieoption möglich. Die Lebertransplantation ist wegen der hohen Rezidivrate derzeit nicht indiziert. Die Prognose von nicht resektablen Cholangiokarzinomen ist mit einer mittleren Überlebenszeit von sechs bis acht Monaten schlecht. Eine wirksame Therapie zur Verlängerung der Überlebenszeit existiert aktuell nicht. Die wichtigste Massnahme im Rahmen der «best supportive care» ist die Beseitigung der Cholestase (endoskopisch, perkutan oder chirurgisch), um einer Cholangitis oder Cholangiosepsis vorzubeugen. Durch eine systemische Chemotherapie lassen sich Ansprechraten von ca. 20% erreichen. 5-FU und Gemcitabine sind die derzeit am häufigsten eingesetzten Substanzen, die mit einer perkutanen oder endoluminalen Bestrahlung kombiniert werden können. Multimodale Therapiekonzepte können im Einzellfall erfolgreich sein, müssen jedoch erst in Evidence-Based-Medicine-gerechten Studien evaluiert werden, bevor Therapieempfehlungen für die Praxis formuliert werden können.


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