scholarly journals The feasibility and malleability of EBM+

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Way

The EBM+ programme is an attempt to improve the way in which present-day evidence-based medicine (EBM) assesses causal claims: according to EBM+, mechanistic studies should be scrutinised alongside association studies. This paper addresses two worries about EBM+: (i) that it is not feasible in practice, and (ii) that it is too malleable, i.e., its results depend on subjective choices that need to be made in order to implement the procedure. Several responses to these two worries are considered and evaluated. The paper also discusses the question of whether we should have confidence in medical interventions, in the light of Stegenga's arguments for medical nihilism.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Stegenga
Keyword(s):  
Medical Practice ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Inductive Inference ◽  
Formal Theory ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Master Argument ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
Concepts Of Disease ◽  
Based Medicine

This chapter introduces the book, describes the key arguments of each chapter, and summarizes the master argument for medical nihilism. It offers a brief survey of prominent articulations of medical nihilism throughout history, and describes the contemporary evidence-based medicine movement, to set the stage for the skeptical arguments. The main arguments are based on an analysis of the concepts of disease and effectiveness, the malleability of methods in medical research, and widespread empirical findings which suggest that many medical interventions are barely effective. The chapter-level arguments are unified by our best formal theory of inductive inference in what is called the master argument for medical nihilism. The book closes by considering what medical nihilism entails for medical practice, research, and regulation.

scholarly journals Assessment and certification of neurosurgery for mental disorder

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 497-500
Author(s):  
G. E. Langley
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Second Opinion ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Made In

The views expressed are based on experiences of a second opinion appointed doctor and refer to neurosurgery for mental disorder. Here the general issues are sharpened by the necessity to certify informed consent and the likelihood of the alleviation or the prevention of deterioration. In an age of evidence-based medicine the criteria by which these issues are judged are critical and need to be generally agreed. The evidence needed in clinical reports and in certification is considered from theoretical and practical viewpoints and suggestions are made in reference to treatment at both new and established centres.

Psychiatry: Evidence-Based but Still Value-Laden

1997 ◽  
Vol 171 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Moral Imperative ◽  
Opposing View ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
The Way

The directive that we should be ‘for evidence-based medicine’ has the same moral imperative as Queen Elizabeth's affirmation that she is ‘against sin’. It seems impossible to take an opposing view without abandoning reason or at least ethics. And yet a feeling of uneasiness, or at least caution, stands in the way of wholehearted endorsement – why?

scholarly journals A Review on Bioactivities of Perilla: Progress in Research on the Functions of Perilla as Medicine and Food

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miho Igarashi ◽  
Yoshifumi Miyazaki
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Cytostatic Activity ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
The Future ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Made In

Perilla is a useful pharmaceutical and food product and is empirically consumed by humans. However, its properties have not been evaluated extensively. In this review, we summarize the progress made in research, focusing on the bioactivities of perilla. There are manyin vitroand animal studies on the cytostatic activity and antiallergic effects, respectively, of perilla and its constituents. However, its influence on humans remains unclear. Hence, investigating and clarifying the physiological effects of perilla and its constituents on humans are imperative in the future to adhere to the ideals of evidence-based medicine.

scholarly journals From “if-then” to “what if?” Rethinking Healthcare Algorithmics with Posthuman Speculative Ethics PRE_PRINT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Smith
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Prediction Tools ◽  
Speculative Ethics ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Algorithmic Thinking ◽  
The Way

This paper discusses the role that algorithmic thinking and management plays in healthcare and the kind of exclusions this might create. We argue that evidence-based medicine relies on research and data to create pathways for patient journeys. Coupled with data-based algorithmic prediction tools in healthcare, they establish what could be called health algorithmics – a mode of management of healthcare that produces forms of algorithmic governmentality. Relying on a critical posthumanist perspective, we show how healthcare algorithmics is contingent on the way authority over bodies is produced and how predictive healthcare algorithms reproduce inequalities of the worlds from which they are made, centering possible futures on existing normativities regulated through algorithmic biopower. In contrast to that, we explore posthuman speculative ethics was a way to challenge understanding of “ethics” and “care” in healthcare algorithmics. We suggest some possible avenues towards working speculative ethics into healthcare while still being critically attentive to algorithmic modes of management and prediction in healthcare

Treating cancer with cold physical plasma: On the way to evidence-based medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Robert Metelmann ◽  
Christian Seebauer ◽  
Rico Rutkowski ◽  
Matthias Schuster ◽  
Sander Bekeschus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Physical Plasma ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
The Way

scholarly journals Evidence-based or person-centered? An ontological debate

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rani Anjum
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Biomedical Model ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
Medical Paradigm ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
The Way

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) continues to be vigorously debated and person-centered healthcare (PCH) has been proposed as an improvement. But is PCH offered as a supplement to or as a replacement of EBM? Prima facie PCH only concerns the practice of medicine, while the contended features of EBM also include specific methods and the biomedical model. In this paper I argue that there are good philosophical reasons to see PCH as a radical alternative to the existing medical paradigm of EBM, since the two seem committed to conflicting ontologies. I will aim to make explicit some of the most fundamental assumptions that motivate EBM and PCH in order to show that the choice between them ultimately comes down to ontological preference. While EBM has a solid foundation in positivism, or what I here call Humeanism, PCH is more consistent with causal dispositionalism. I conclude that if there is a paradigmatic revolution on the way in medicine, it is first of all one of ontology.

scholarly journals Applying Evidential Pluralism to the social sciences

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafeng Shan ◽  
Jon Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Causal Claim ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Evidential Pluralism

AbstractEvidential Pluralism maintains that in order to establish a causal claim one normally needs to establish the existence of an appropriate conditional correlation and the existence of an appropriate mechanism complex, so when assessing a causal claim one ought to consider both association studies and mechanistic studies. Hitherto, Evidential Pluralism has been applied to medicine, leading to the EBM+ programme, which recommends that evidence-based medicine should systematically evaluate mechanistic studies alongside clinical studies. This paper argues that Evidential Pluralism can also be fruitfully applied to the social sciences. In particular, Evidential Pluralism provides (i) a new approach to evidence-based policy; (ii) a new account of the evidential relationships in more theoretical research; and (iii) new philosophical motivation for mixed methods research. The application of Evidential Pluralism to the social sciences is also defended against two objections.

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