Comparison between Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Estimation in Structural Equation Modelling and Effects of Informative Priors

Structural Equation ◽

Standard Errors ◽

Data Sets ◽

Informative Priors ◽

Chi Square ◽

Estimated Parameters ◽

Equation Modelling ◽

Bootstrap Probability

The aims of this study are to compare the maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods for estimation in structural equation modelling in real large data sets with different degrees of multivariate non-normality and to investigate the effects of non-informative and informative priors on parameter estimates in Bayesian structural equation modelling. Two data sets from the British Household Panel Survey are taken for the analyses, with total respondents of 6,522 and 7,150. In each of them, eighteen questions are drawn to be indicators for seven latent variables. In this dissertation, three separate hypothesised models are constructed in order to increase a variety of multivariate non-normality degrees; these are Models A, B and C. The research findings provided from classical structural equation modelling show that Model A and Model B are well fitted with a non-significant chi-square statistic at a bootstrap probability of more than 0.05, while Model C is also reasonably fitted with a significant chi-square statistic at a bootstrap probability of just below 0.05. The comparative fit indices in all models illustrate very high values; additionally, the root mean square error of approximation values are rather low. Furthermore, all estimated parameters are significant at a p-value of 0.001 and there are no zero values lying between their bootstrap confidence intervals. Under the multivariate non-normal condition, maximum likelihood estimators seem to lose their efficiency property, but not by much, and are robust to violation due to the large sample size. As for the findings from Bayesian structural equation modelling, all the estimated parameters of the three models are also significant. When incorporated with non-informative priors, the estimates and their standard errors are equivalent to the ones yielded by classical structural equation modelling. On the other hand, the parameters generated with informative priors vary according to the prior means but the standard errors are diminished consistently for all estimates, in comparison with the ones provided from classical structural equation modelling and Bayesian structural equation modelling with non-informative priors. The posterior distributions after being updated by the informative priors appear to be more normal owing to a decrease in skewness and kurtosis; moreover, the ones produced from Model B, which has the highest non-normality, are most affected by the informative priors according to the change in skewness and kurtosis.

ANALISIS PENGARUH PENYELESAIAN KONFLIK ANTAR KARYAWAN TERHADAP STRES KERJA DAN KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. PERUSAHAAN GAS NEGARA, Tbk SURABAYA

Jurnal Mitra Manajemen ◽

10.52160/ejmm.v2i6.170 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

pp. 665-679

Author(s):

Rohmah Kurniawati ◽

Waloyo Waloyo ◽

Priyo Utomo

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Chi Square ◽

Equation Modelling ◽

Fit Index

Konflik, perselisihan, dan pertentangan dapat terjadi dimana saja, kapan saja, antar siapa saja dan menyangkut hal apa saja, sehingga konflik pun dapat terjadi ditempat kerja. Dalam lingkungan kerja, konflik antar karyawan yang terjadi sebaiknya diselesaikan dengan baik karena konflik yang dapat diselesaikan akan menurunkan tingkat stres dan meningkatkan kinerja karyawan. Dari latar belakang tersebut maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyelesaian konflik antar karyawan terhadap stres kerja dan kinerja karyawan pada PT. Perusahaan Gas Negara, Tbk Surabaya. Untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian maka teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) dengan program AMOS 4.01. Variabel pada penelitian ini adalah penyelesaian konflik antar karyawan yang terdiri dari : variabel kerjasama, variabel bersaing, variabel menghindar, variabel akomodasi dan variabel kompromi, sedangkan variabel terikat yang digunakan adalah variabel stres kerja dan variabel kinerja karyawan. Data yang digunakan didasarkan pada hasil kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada responden, responden pada penelitian ini adalah karyawan PT. Perusahaan Gas Negara, Tbk Surabaya. Analisis hasil pengujian Goodness-Of Fit Index, menunjukkan data mempunyai kecocokan yang baik dengan model penelitian dengan hasil Chi Square = 154,229 dan koefisien determinan ( R2 ) dalam model SEM ditunjukkan oleh nilai AGFI = 0,792 yang masih berada di bawah Cut Off Value, namun sudah dapat dikatakan bahwa model sudah Fit dalam uji model SEM. Model menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh langsung antara variabel kerjasama, bersaing, menghindar, akomodasi dan kompromi terhadap stres kerja dan kinerja karyawan. Karyawan PT. Perusahaan Gas Negara, Tbk Surabaya lebih menyukai penyelesaian konflik dengan cara Kompromi hal ini didasarkan pada perhitungan dari data yang diolah bahwa penyelesaian konflik antar karyawan dengan cara ini memberikan kontribusi terbesar dalam menurunkan stres kerja, sedangkan penyelesaian konflik antar karyawan dengan cara bersaing memberikan kontribusi terbesar terhadap kinerja karyawan. Karyawan menganggap bahwa kedua cara ini dianggap sebagai cara yang efektif dalam menciptakan hubungan kerja dan terciptanya keharmonisan dalam berorganisasi.

Pengaruh Beban Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (persero) Tbk Cabang Krekot

Jurnal Manajemen dan Organisasi ◽

10.29244/jmo.v6i1.12182 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Yudha Adityawarman ◽

Bunasor Sanim ◽

Bonar M Sinaga

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation ◽

Partial Least Square ◽

Least Square ◽

Chi Square ◽

Beban kerja sangat penting bagi sebuah perusahaan.Dengan pemberian beban kerja yang efektif perusahaan dapat mengetahui sejauh mana karyawannya dapat diberikan beban kerja yang maksimal dan sejauh mana pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja perusahaan itu sendiri.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh beban kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan Bank Rakyat Indonesia (persero) Tbk Cabang Krekot. Data diperoleh dari 127 responden, uji chi square digunakan untuk mengetahui sikap responden terhadap variabel beban kerja dan kinerja berdasarkan faktor demografik. Hasil uji chi square menunjukan adanya perbedaan sikap berdasarkan demografik responden. Hasil analisis rank spearman menunjukan bahwa variabel beban kerja memiliki korelasi dengan variabel kinerja, sementara untuk sub variabel lainnya saling memiliki korelasi namun tingkat korelasinya rendah. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh beban kerja terhadap kinerja kerja karyawan Bank Rakyat Indonesia Cabang Krekot digunakan teknik analisis statistika Structural Equation Modelling berbasis variance dengan Metode Partial Least Square (PLS), hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa beban kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan secara langsung terhadap kinerja Karyawan BRI Cabang Krekot pada tingkat signifikansi 5% (p = 0.10882), maka hipotesis awal terima Ho dengan t hitung 13.45 lebih besar dari t tabel 1.96Kata kunci: beban kerja, kinerja karyawan, Bank Rakyat Indonesia (persero) Tbk, pengaruh, cabang krekot

Adjusting Structural Equation Modelling Of Spiritual Coping Scale: Use Of The Sattora-Bentler Method As An Alternative To Maximum Likelihood Estimation

The Internet Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.5580/2ba1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Maximum Likelihood ◽

Maximum Likelihood Estimation ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Likelihood Estimation ◽

Spiritual Coping ◽

Equation Modelling ◽

Coping Scale

Pengaruh Beban Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (persero) Tbk Cabang Krekot

Jurnal Manajemen dan Organisasi ◽

10.29244/jmo.6.1.34-44 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Yudha Adityawarman ◽

Bunasor Sanim ◽

Bonar M Sinaga

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation ◽

Partial Least Square ◽

Least Square ◽

Chi Square ◽

Aggressive bidding strategies in real estate auctions – a structural equation modelling (SEM) approach

Journal of European Real Estate Research ◽

10.1108/jerer-09-2020-0049 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Simen Dalland ◽

Randi Hammervold ◽

Henrik Tangen Karlsen ◽

Are Oust ◽

Ole Jakob Sønstebø

Keyword(s):

Real Estate ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Data Sets ◽

Content Type ◽

Bidding Strategies ◽

Equation Modelling ◽

Price Effects ◽

Using Data ◽

Real Estate Sales

Purpose This paper aims to study aggressive bidding strategies in real estate auctions – a structural equation modelling (SEM) approach. Design/methodology/approach The authors use two data sets to study aggressive bidding strategies. First, the results from a survey with 1,803 participants examining real estate auctions are used to identify bidding strategies and related motivations. Second, the authors apply SEM by using data from 1,078 exclusive auction journals from real estate sales in Norway to study both the direct and indirect price effects of the bidding strategies. Findings The authors define four aggressive bidding strategies: high opening bid, high bid increase (jump bids), short acceptance deadline and short response time. The authors find that all four strategies yield a higher sales price. Bidders can actively influence the behaviour of the other participants and cool the potential auction fever, thus reducing the final price premium. Originality/value This paper gives households, investors and policymakers a better understanding of how bidding strategies affect real estate auctions and the final price.

A Study of Identifying Significant Variables of Delays in Road Construction Via Structural Equation Modelling (SEM)

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i2.29.14278 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2.29) ◽

pp. 893

Author(s):

Aboubaker. Y. Y Alfakhri ◽

Amiruddin Ismail ◽

Muhamad Azry Khoiry ◽

Shaban Ismael Albrka ◽

Abdurauf B. Z Alshetwi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation ◽

Construction Projects ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Road Construction ◽

Critical Ratio ◽

Ratio Test ◽

Investment Efficiency ◽

Chi Square ◽

Delays have always been a major concern in road construction projects throughout the world, with significant financial and social impacts for stakeholders, and the occurrence of schedule delays has a serious impact on project investment, efficiency, cost, and reputation. Libya is one of the countries faces all these delay issues. This study explored variables of delays in road construction via Structural Equation modelling SEM. Drawing upon an earlier studies, combined with interviews of road experts. Confirmatory factor analysis CFA was applied to extract significant variables based on the questionnaire results to verify the relationships between the significant variables [8 Factors and 3 Effects] identified in road construction. Eleven variables were found to have significant impacts on delays in road construction. The results of the goodness of fit [GOF] showed that chi square is significant at 0.000 levels. Overall, Based on the CFI, TLI, and IFI indices with values more than the cut off value of 0.9 the model had good fit of data. Further. The root-mean-square error of approximation [RMSEA] was 0.033 which was within the perfect fit range. Additionally. The Relative CMIN/df [1.276] was less than 5 showed the good fit of the model and it was found that the unstandardized regression weights were all significant by the critical ratio test [> ±1.96, P < 0.001]. So the study has shown that CFA can quantify comprehensive relationships among a broad range of variables and contribute to resolving problems commonly experienced in the road construction industry.

Meningkatkan Kinerja Pemasaran Melalui Entrepreneurial Marketing (Studi Pada UKM Makanan dan Minuman di Semarang Jawa Tengah)

Jurnal Sains Pemasaran Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Marketing Science) ◽

10.14710/jspi.v18i3.212-225 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 212-225

Author(s):

Irfan Wildzan Muafa ◽

Augusty Tae Ferdinand ◽

Farida Indriani

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Chi Square ◽

Entrepreneurial Marketing ◽

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji pengaruh dari variabel Pemasaran Kewirausahaan terhadap Kinerja Pemasaran pada UKM makanan dan minuman di Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah melalui variabel Kecepatan Inovasi, Nilai Layanan, dan Keunggulan Posisi. Penelitian ini mengambil sebanyak 150 responden pemilik UKM makanan dan minuman di Semarang, Jawa Tengah.Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah SEM (Structural Equation Modelling) versi 21. Hasil analisis data untuk keseluruhan model telah memenuhi kriteria Goodness Of Fit dengan nilai chi square = 172,114, derajat kebebasan = 165, probabilitas = 0,336, CMIN/DF = 1,043, GFI = 0,887, AGFI = 0,856, TLI = 0,990, CFI = 0,991 dan RMSEA = 0,017. Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa model penelitian yang diajukan dapat diterima.Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara Pemasaran Kewirausahaan dengan Kecepatan Inovasi, Pemasaran Kewirausahaan dengan Nilai Layanan, Kecepatan Inovasi dengan Keunggulan Posisi, Nilai Layanan dengan Keunggulan Posisi, dan Keunggulan Posisi dengan Kinerja Pemasaran.