scholarly journals Visually-based Prediction of Artist’s Drawing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chipp Jansen ◽  
◽  
Elizabeth Sklar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Leland van den Daele ◽  
Ashley Yates ◽  
Sharon Rae Jenkins

Abstract. This project compared the relative performance of professional dancers and nondancers on the Music Apperception Test (MAT; van den Daele, 2014 ), then compared dancers’ performance on the MAT with that on the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT; Murray, 1943 ). The MAT asks respondents to “tell a story to the music” in compositions written to represent basic emotions. Dancers had significantly shorter response latency and were more fluent in storytelling than a comparison group matched for gender and age. Criterion-based evaluation of dancers’ narratives found narrative emotion consistent with music written to portray the emotion, with the majority integrating movement, sensation, and imagery. Approximately half the dancers were significantly more fluent on the MAT than the TAT, while the other half were significantly more fluent on the TAT than the MAT. Dancers who were more fluent on the MAT had a higher proportion of narratives that integrated movement and imagery compared with those more fluent on the TAT. The results were interpreted as consistent with differences observed in neurological studies of auditory and visual processing, educational studies of modality preference, and the cognitive style literature. The MAT provides an assessment tool to complement visually based performance tests in personality appraisal.


2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-178
Author(s):  
Kayla Wheeler

For scholars, the internet provides a space to study diverse groups of people across the world and can be a useful way to bypass physical gender segregation and travel constraints. Despite the potential for new insights into people’s everyday life and increased attention from scholars, there is no standard set of ethics for conducting virtual ethnography on visually based platforms, like YouTube and Instagram. While publicly accessible social media posts are often understood to be a part of the public domain and thus do not require a researcher to obtain a user’s consent before publishing data, caution must be taken when studying members of a vulnerable community, especially those who have a history of surveillance, like African-American Muslims. Using a womanist approach, the author provides recommendations for studying vulnerable religious groups online, based on a case study of a YouTube channel, Muslimah2Muslimah, operated by two African-American Muslim women. The article provides an important contribution to the field of media studies because the author discusses a “dead” online community, where users no longer comment on the videos and do not maintain their own profiles, making obtaining consent difficult and the potential risks of revealing information to an unknown community hard to gauge.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle M. Douglas ◽  
Louisa Lok Yee Man ◽  
Rachel N. Newsome ◽  
Haley Park ◽  
Hira M. Aslam ◽  
...  

Semantic features, such as prototypical visual form or function, are often shared across multiple object concepts. How, then, are we able to resolve interference between object concepts that look alike but perform different functions (e.g., hairdryer and gun) or that do similar things but look rather dissimilar (e.g., hairdryer and comb)? We examined this issue in the current neuropsychological single-case study by asking whether perirhinal cortex (PRC) critically enables resolution of interference among object concepts at the level of their conceptually- and visually-based semantic features. We tested three patients with differing lesion profiles using a novel discrimination task involving stimuli for which visual and conceptual similarity were not linked across object concepts. We found that D.A., an individual with a brain lesion that includes PRC, was impaired at discriminating among object concepts when there was a high degree conceptual and visual semantic feature overlap among choices. We replicated this result in a second testing session. Conversely, patients with selective hippocampal or ventromedial prefrontal cortical lesions were unimpaired on this task. Importantly, D.A.’s performance was intact when (i) conceptual and visual interference among object concepts was minimized, and (ii) when the discriminations involved simple stimuli that did not require assessment of multiple stimulus dimensions. These results reveal a novel semantic deficit in a patient with PRC damage, suggesting that this structure represents object concepts in a manner that can be flexibly reshaped to emphasize task relevant semantic features.


2006 ◽  
Vol 1068 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Aoyama ◽  
Hiroshi Endo ◽  
Satoshi Honda ◽  
Tsunehiro Takeda

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-245
Author(s):  
Yaffa Hadar ◽  
Shraga Hocherman ◽  
Oren Lamm ◽  
Emanuel Tirosh

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess auditory and visually based executive functions (EFs) and the effect of methylphenidate (MPH) in children with ADHD. Methods: Thirty-six boys between the ages of 8.3 and 9.7 years with ADHD and 36 matched controls were included. The study group was randomized into MPH and placebo for 7 days each in a crossover design. A Cued Choice Reaction Time (CCRT) test that included incongruent cuing was administered at baseline and following 1 and 2 weeks. Results: The difference between the study and control groups was more evident with visual cues and incongruent cuing. Increased gains by children with predominantly hyperactive–impulsive\combined (HI\C) type of ADHD were observed under MPH. Conclusions: The differences between children with ADHD and typical children are more pronounce under incongruent auditory cuing . The gains attributable to MPH are more specific to tasks involving auditory and visual EFs and in children with HI\C type ADHDs.


2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wolf ◽  
R. Wehner

Desert ants, Cataglyphis fortis, search for a repeatedly visited food source by employing a combined olfactory and anemotactic orientation strategy (in addition to their visually based path-integration scheme). This behaviour was investigated by video-tracking consecutive foraging trips of individually marked ants under a variety of experimental conditions, including manipulations of the olfactory and wind-detecting systems of the ants. If the wind blows from a constant direction, ants familiar with the feeding site follow outbound paths that lead them into an area 0.5-2.5 m downwind of the feeding station. Here, the ants apparently pick up odour plumes emanating from the food source and follow these by steering an upwind course until they reach the feeder. If the food is removed, foragers usually concentrate their search movements within the area downwind of the feeding site. Only when the wind happens to subside or when tail-wind conditions prevail do the ants steer direct courses towards the food. Elimination of olfactory input by clipping the antennal flagella, or of wind perception by immobilising the bases of the antennae, altered the foraging behaviour of the ants in ways that supported these interpretations. Ants with clipped flagella were never observed to collect food items.


Author(s):  
Gerardo Herrera ◽  
Lucia Vera ◽  
Javier Sevilla ◽  
Cristina Portalés ◽  
Sergio Casas

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an umbrella term used to group a range of brain development disorders. The learning profile of most people with ASD is mainly visual, and VR and AR technologies offer important advantages to provide a visually based mean for gaining access to educational contents. The prices of VR and AR glasses and helmets have fallen. Also, a number of tools that facilitate the development and publication of AR and VR contents have recently appeared. Therefore, a scenario of opportunity for new developments has appeared in this field. This chapter offers guidelines for developing AR and VR learning contents for people on the autism spectrum and analyses those guidelines from the perspective of two important case studies developed in previous years.


2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny L. Mirrett ◽  
Joanne E. Roberts ◽  
Johanna Price

Purpose: This study describes speech-language pathologists’ impressions of the communication difficulties of young males with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and the need for both syndrome-specific and individualized interventions. The findings of a regional study that identified speech-language pathologists’ impressions of the speech, language, and behavioral difficulties experienced by males with FXS and an array of interventions used by speech-language pathologists to improve communication skills for these children are reported. Methods: Fifty-one speech-language pathologists providing intervention for males with FXS ranging in age from 2 to 9 years (mean age=6;3 [years;months]) were interviewed. Results: The majority of the speech-language pathologists reported that boys with FXS exhibit a visually based, experiential or wholistic learning preference. They emphasized the necessity of making environmental accommodations for limited attention span, difficulties with topic and activity transitions, sensory deficits, and low threshold for anxiety. They reported that speech goals focused on slowing rate and increasing precision for verbal children and both low and high levels of assistive technology for nonverbal or minimally verbal children. Language goals focused on listening, auditory comprehension, and narrative/conversation skills. Pragmatic goals emphasized social dialogue, role playing, and topic maintenance. Clinical Implications: This study suggests that young males with FXS present the clinician with a constellation of behaviors and communication impairments that are both syndrome specific and symptom familiar. The specific communication strengths and deficits described by clinicians working with these children are common to many children with speech and language impairments compounded by cognitive deficits. Intervention programs for young boys with FXS should also attend closely to the specific behavioral (e.g., increased anxiety, attention deficits) and sensory "overload" problems they often exhibit before designing a tailored intervention program.


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