scholarly journals Magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging of medulla oblongata and substantia nigra in idiopathic Parkinson's disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
Netra Rana ◽  
Shaohui Ma ◽  
Chenguang Guo ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Ming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Idiopathic Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
1H Mrs ◽  
Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease

Objective: To use 1.5T 1H-MRS as a research tool in vivo and demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining long-echo 1H MR spectra in small volumes like substantia nigra (SN) and medulla oblongata (MO) in healthy volunteers and patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and observe the clinical correlations. Subjects and Methods: Twenty patients of the idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD) were recruited from the Out Patient Department of Neurology. Additionally, 14 age-matched healthy subjects were taken as controls group. After baseline evaluation, the patients satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria underwent 1H-MRS study. All MR examinations were performed on a 1.5 T system (Philips Gyroscan Intera, Netherlands) using a standard quadrature head coil. Results: We succeeded to achieve 74.19% and 77.42% of spectra from MO and SN of both PD and control groups. MO showed slightly weak negative result to total UPDRS and UPDRS- II, but no significant correlation was found between metabolites and clinical indexes in MO. The result also showed no significant correlations between H&Y scale and metabolites in MO and SN of PD patients. But there was a significant correlation between H&Y, NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr in SN. Conclusions: MRS ratios from MO and SN does not play any significant role to differentiate PD from the normal subjects, but metabolites ratios from SN of PD patient can help to understand the progression and severity of the disease. Therefore, it is not practical to employ MRS as a diagnostic tool for PD. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i3.8066 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4(2013) 76-85

In vivo imaging of microglial activation with [11C](R)-PK11195 PET in idiopathic Parkinson's disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Gerhard ◽  
Nicola Pavese ◽  
Gary Hotton ◽  
Federico Turkheimer ◽  
Meltem Es ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Idiopathic Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease

scholarly journals Unilateral loss of the swallow tail sign in a patient with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
Anna Misyail Abd Rashid ◽  
Mohamad Syafeeq Faeez Md Noh ◽  
Abdul Hanif Khan Yusof Khan ◽  
Mohd Naim Mohd Yaakob ◽  
Norafida Bahari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Imaging Biomarker ◽  
Idiopathic Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Yahr Stage ◽  
Hand Tremor ◽  
Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease

A 66-year-old man with underlying hypertension and dyslipidemia presented with left hand tremor for one year. He also noticed difficulty in initiating movement and slowness in activities of daily living. On examination, he was noted to have mask-like facies with reduced blinking and monotonous speech. There was presence of resting pill-rolling tremor, bradykinesia, and cogwheel rigidity which was worst on the left upper limb. Gait assessment revealed difficulty in standing up, shuffling gait with reduced arm swing which was more prominent on the left side, and turning in numbers. No cerebellar signs and supranuclear palsy were present to suggest Parkinson-plus syndrome. Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) showed loss of the swallow tail sign on the right side [Figure 1]. The clinical presentation, supplemented by the imaging findings were concluded to be pathognomonic of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD), Hoehn & Yahr stage 1. He was started on levodopa and benserazide twice daily with improvement of symptoms.The nigrosomes are primary subregions of the substantia nigra where dopaminergic cells are lost in IPD. Within these nigrosomes, maximal cell loss occurs in nigrosome-1; the largest subgroup of nigrosomes. Normally, they appear as a SWI-hyperintense area surrounded by hypointensity within the dorsolateral substantia nigra, akin to a swallow’s tail. In one study, poor visualization of nigrosome-1 was significantly associated with higher motor asymmetry in the contralateral side (sensitivity 98.5%, specificity 93.6%, positive-predictive value 98.3%, negative-predictive value 98.3% and an accuracy of 96%) [1]. Noh et al [2] showed that abnormality involving nigrosome-1 can be detected at 3T MR imaging with an accuracy of 94.6%. Due to the difficulty in diagnosis of early stage IPD, a loss of the swallow tail sign serves as a useful imaging biomarker to supplement the clinical diagnosis, as seen in our patient.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Brain Iron Deposition and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannik Prasuhn ◽  
Martin Göttlich ◽  
Friederike Gerkan ◽  
Sofia Kourou ◽  
Britt Ebeling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Iron Deposition ◽  
Idiopathic Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Brain Iron ◽  
Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Brain Iron Deposition

Abstract BackgroundThe underlying pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease is complex, involving different molecular pathways, including brain iron deposition and mitochondrial dysfunction. At a molecular level, these disease mechanisms are likely interconnected. Therefore, they offer potential strategies for disease-modifying treatments. We aimed to investigate subcortical brain iron deposition as a potential predictor of the bioenergetic status in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. MethodsThirty patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease underwent multimodal MR imaging (T1, susceptibility-weighted imaging, SWI) and 31Phosphorus Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Imaging. Contrast-to-noise ratios based on the SWI images of the putamen, caudate, globus pallidus, and thalamus for each hemisphere were used in a multiple linear regression model to predict in vivo metabolites. ResultsSubcortical brain iron deposition, particularly in the putamen and globus pallidus, was highly predictive of the region-specific amount of high-energy-containing phosphorus metabolites in our subjects. ConclusionsOur study suggests that brain iron deposition but not the variability of individual volumetric measurements are highly predictive of mitochondrial impairment in vivo. These findings offer the opportunity, e.g., by using chelating therapies, to improve mitochondrial bioenergetics in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease.

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