After Diu: The Forgotten Islamic Trade in Early Nineteenth Century Cantonese Confucian Historiography (After Diu: Perdagangan Islam yand Kian dilupakan pada Awal Abad kesembilan belas Historiografi Cantonese Confucioan)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-136
Author(s):  
HUNG Tak Wai 孔德維
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Government Records

Since the early 20th century, historians have studied interactions between China and Islamic communities. Most of them focused on the prosperity brought by the maritime trade between Muslims and Chinese in the earlier eras. How this trade ended, however, has not been extensively studied. This article studies the narratives regarding Arabs and Muslims participating in the Canton trade, as recorded in Yuehai guanzhi粵海關志 [Gazetteer of Canton Customs]. Yuehai guanzhi was published by Liang Tingnan 梁廷枏 (1796–1861), a Cantonese Confucian elite, with the first-hand government records in 1838, by which time non-Chinese speaking Muslim merchants had already became rare in the region. This article investigates how Islamic trade was recorded during the early 19th century. In particular, it will illustrate how the trade ended and was forgotten due to the diminishing presence of Muslim merchants after the Battle of Diu in 1509. Keywords: Chinese Islam, Canton trade, customs system, Yuehai guanzhi, Leung Tingnan.                       Abstrak Sejak awal abad ke-20, sejarawan telah mengkaji interaksi yang berlaku antara komuniti Cina dan Islam. Kebanyakan mereka memberi tumpuan terhadap kemasyhuran  perdagangan maritim antara Muslim dan Cina pada era tersebut. Walau bagaimanapun, kisah berakhirnya perdagangan ini tidak dikaji secara meluas oleh para sejarawan. Artikel ini mengkaji naratif mengenai orang Arab dan Muslim yang terlibat dalam perdagangan Canton, seperti yang dicatatkan dalam Yuehai guanzhi 粵 海關 志 [Gazetteer of Canton Customs]. Yuehai guanzhi telah diterbitkan oleh Liang See 梁廷 枏 (1796-1861), seorang elit Confucian Kantonis, dengan menggunakan rekod pertama kerajaan pada tahun 1838, dimana ketika itu para peniaga Muslim yang tidak fasih berbahasa Cina telah menjadi asing di rantau ini. Artikel ini mengkaji bagaimana perdagangan Islam direkodkan pada awal abad ke-19. Secara khususnya, artikel ini menggambarkan bagaimana perdagangan maritim antara Muslim dan Cina berakhir dan dilupakan setelah berkurangnya jumlah pedagang-pedagang Muslim selepas Pertempuran Diu pada tahun 1509. Kata Kunci: Cina muslim,canton trade, sistem budaya, Yuehai guanzhi Leung Tingnan.

Tastes for blubber: diversity and locality of whale meat foodways in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Jun Akamine
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of

PurposeThis paper aims to discuss how whale meat foodways in Japan is a local practice, contrary to the prevailing political belief that it is national, and to examine two local whale meat foodways in Japan by focusing on the usage of blubber. To understand complexity of whaling issue, one needs to be careful of species rather than general “whale.”Design/methodology/approachBy investigating two kinds of recipe books, one published in the early 19th century and the other the early 20th century on whale meat dish, the paper clarifies blubber has been widely consumed rather than lean meat, and blubber was more important than lean meat as whale meat.FindingsThe western part of Japan has rich whale meat foodways compared to other parts of Japan. It is because of their history of whaling since the 17th century. They have inherited rich whale meat foodways.Originality/valueAlthough whale sashimi and deep-fried lean meat are popular nationwide regardless of their communities' history, former whaling communities in the western part of Japan developed a preference for blubber, skin, tongue and offal over lean meat. Whale meat foodways in Japan, therefore, is a local heritage. This fact should be the starting point for analyzing Japanese whaling and whale meat foodways.

scholarly journals THE DUY TAN MOVEMENT IN THE 20th CENTURY, ITS CHARACTERISTICS AND THE LESSONS TO THE CURRENT EDUCATION IN VIETNAM

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Luong Thi Thu Tran
Keyword(s):  
Education Reform ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
The Awakening

This paper covers two main areas of content: 1.An analysis of the characteristics of the early 19th Century Duy Tan Movement in Viet Nam focusing on patriotism, the sensitivity and dynamism of the Viet people and their ability to integrate into the modernist trend, in tune with the awakening of Asia in the early 20th Century. 2. The analysis of the lessons and experiences drawn from the outstanding enlightened and reform activities of the Duy Tan Movement with reference to the current education reform in Viet Nam.

British Society in Guntur During the Early Nineteenth Century

1962 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-208
Author(s):  
Robert Eric Frykenberg
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
British Society ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Ways Of Life

That a similarity underlay local diversities of British society in India during the early 19th century is shown by Bernard S. Cohn's description of the British in Benares. A century ago, George F. Atkinson, in his Curry and Rice, observed:Let me remind you that, while there are numerous races, each with a different creed, caste, and language, so there are customs and manners peculiar to each: and this variety is not confined to the natives; for the habits and customs of social life among the English in India likewise present their petty diversities; and the “Qui Hye” of Bengal, the “Mull” of Madras, and the “Duck” of Bombay, adhere to and defend their own customs with jealous warmth of feeling … but there are [some ways of life] such as are common to the whole of India.

Adventurers, Foreign Women and Masculinity in the Colombian Wars of Independence

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Brown
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Women's Experiences ◽  
The Social ◽  
At Home

This paper examines changing conceptions of honour and masculinity during the Colombian Wars of Independence in the early 19th century. It explores the position of the foreign women who accompanied British and Irish expeditions to join the war against Spanish rule, and shows how colonial, imperial and republican conceptions of masculinity were affected by the role that women played in these volunteer expeditions and in the wars in general. The paper considers women's experiences during war and peace, and examines their experiences in the light of changing conceptions of masculinity at home, in the British empire and in Hispanic America in the early nineteenth century. The social mobility of the Wars of Independence shifted the ground on which these concepts rested for all groups involved. The participation of foreign women alongside male adventurers was a further ingredient in this disorientating period.

“C’est un bourgeois, mais non un bourgeois ordinaire”: The Contested Afterlife of Ingres’s Portrait of Louis-François Bertin

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-247
Author(s):  
Richard Wrigley
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Paris Salon ◽  
Public Exhibition ◽  
The Revolution

Abstract Ingres’s portrait of Louis-François Bertin (1832) has been universally accepted as a visual “apotheosis” of the newly powerful early 19th-century bourgeoisie in France. Here, we study the inconsistencies and contestation which contributed to this identification. Beginning with the moment of its first public exhibition in the 1833 Paris Salon, this article traces Bertin’s evolving reputation as an image of its epoch, focusing on its reappearance in public first at the Bazar Bonne-Nouvelle in 1846, and then in the display of Ingres’s works at the Exposition Universelle of 1855. This leads to a critical assessment of how the picture’s role as a political emblem has been related to later assertions that it also exemplified the artist’s incipient modernism. The exhibition of works by Ingres at the Paris Salon d’Automne in 1905 allows us to take stock of claims made about the picture’s status in the early 20th century. However, in contrast to the habitual desire to modernise Ingres (and thereby to detach him from a lingering taint of academicism), this article argues that a key element in the reception of Ingres’s portrait in the second half of the 19th century is a recognition of its rootedness in values emanating from the Revolution of 1789, embodied both in the person of LouisFrançois Bertin and Ingres’s representation of him.

scholarly journals Points of convergence between logical empiricism and inductive metaphysics: Hans Reichenbach and Erich Becher in comparison

Synthese ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansgar Seide
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Vienna Circle ◽  
External World ◽  
Logical Empiricism ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Hans Reichenbach

AbstractIn this paper, I take a closer look at Hans Reichenbach’s relation to metaphysics and work out some interesting parallels between his account and that of the proponents of inductive metaphysics, a tradition that emerged in the mid- and late 19th century and the early 20th century in Germany. It is in particular Hans Reichenbach’s conception of the relation between the natural sciences and metaphysics, as displayed in his treatment of the question of the existence of the external world, that shows some very interesting similarities with inductive metaphysics. By a comparison with the position of the inductive metaphysician Erich Becher and his handling of the problem of realism, I work out the parallels between Reichenbach’s program and inductive metaphysics. I come to the conclusion that while there are certainly some respects in which Reichenbach’s logical empiricism is closer to the positions of the representatives of the Vienna Circle, it turns out that with regard to his views on metaphysics there is a greater affinity with the program of inductive metaphysics.

Csiky Lajos hosszabb terjedelmű műveinek korabeli fogadtatása

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-250
Author(s):  
István-Attila Tárkányi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Practical Theology ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Academic Activity ◽  
Orthodox Theology ◽  
The Way

"The Contemporary Reception of Lajos Csiky’s Voluminous Works. Lajos Csiky (1852–1925) was a late 19th and early 20th-century professor of practical theology at the Theological Academy of Debrecen. His works have not yet been researched accordingly. In the first part of this short paper, we would like to present the socio-theological context in which the renowned theologian spent his creative years, focusing especially on the debate of the day between liberal and orthodox theology. In the second part, we would like to reflect on the way his major theological works were received by his contemporaries during a span of more than four decades of academic activity. Keywords: Lajos Csiky, 19th-century theological debates in Hungary, practical theology, Ferenc Balogh, Imre Révész, Mór Ballagi "

"[...] über die outrirte, willkürliche Bezeichnung"

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Papadopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Music Teachers ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Popular Medium ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Joseph Joachim

Instructive editions from the late 19th and early 20th century include various annotations regarding musical and interpretative aspects, such as articulation, bowings, fingerings, dynamics, note values, or vibrato As a popular medium at the time, instructive editions were often in the centre of contemporary discussions and attracted the attention of musicians and music teachers, bequeathing us a wide corpus of valuable sources. Joseph Joachim was arguably the most prominent violinist and a sought-after pedagogue in the German-speaking world at the time. Hitherto unknown letters as well as revisited statements by Joachim lead to new insights regarding his attitude towards instructive editions: he viewed them - despite his (few) publications in this genre - very critically, as he was convinced that detailed instructions would limit the freedom of the performer. He instead preferred editions without annotations, but interpreted the music freely andd variably in what he considered the spirit of the composer. Joachim's attitude thus poses general questions as to the role and freedom of performance and interpretation in the second half of the nineteenth century.

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