scholarly journals Neuro-cognitive Underpinning of Co-morbidity between Developmental Dyslexia and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-148
Author(s):  
Larysa Zasiekina
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Causal Explanation ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Dorsolateral Cortex ◽  
Secondary Consequence

Developmental Dyslexia is a specific reading and writing disability despite of normal intelligence, educational instruction and socio-cultural opportunity. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a condition that affects millions of children and often persists into adulthood. ADHD can include a combination of problems, such as difficulty sustaining attention, hyperactivity and impulsive behaviour. The frequent co-morbidity of dyslexia and ADHD posed the question of the issue whether common causal mechanism can be identified. There are several causal explanation of the co-morbidity between dyslexia and ADHD. Firstly, the symptoms of ADHD associated with dyslexia are a secondary consequence of reading problems (‘phenocopy’ hypothesis). However, the finding could not substantiate in later studies. Therefore, the first aim the present research is to identify the frequency and nature of co-morbidity between dyslexics and ADHD children. Developmental Dyslexia and ADHD are some of the most complex developmental disorders that affect children population. These are some of the conditions which affect the ability of the children to benefit from education and engage with surroundings in a meaningful manner. These conditions may occur in isolation, but many times they overlap. These overlapping conditions are termed as co-morbidity, and this may reflect the greater difficulties experienced by the children with a combination of deficits. However, the underlying reasons for these and the subsequent behavioural deficits are not well understood. Thus, the second major goal of the article is to investigate neuro-cognitive underpinning of dyslexia and ADHD. Neuro-cognitive basis presented by prefrontal dorsolateral cortex dysfunction was revealed and executive functions presented by problems in phonological working memory, initiating the activity and multitasking were established.

scholarly journals Association of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder with Heroin Addiction

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad Salman ◽  
Muhammad Idrees ◽  
Muhammad Anees ◽  
Jawaria Idrees ◽  
Fariha Idrees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Heroin Addiction ◽  
Heroin Addicts ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Objectives: To study the association of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with heroin addiction. Study design: A cross-sectional, hospital based study. Place and duration of study: The study was carried out at Lady Reading Hospital and Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan from 4th April 2012 to 13th September 2012. Subjects and Methods: A sample of 137 adult heroin addicts were analyzed that whether they were ADHD and that childhood problem continues to manifest symptoms in adults. For retrospective assessment of childhood ADHD, the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) as well as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) symptom checklist for ADHD was used. The Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS) was used to assess the persisting symptoms of ADHD in adults. Inclusion criteria: Patient diagnosed with heroin addiction according to ICD-9 and DSM-IV. Exclusion criteria: Patient has co-morbid with any other mental illnesses. Results: The difference between the mean score of WURS and CAARS of ADHD patients were significantly greater than the normal patients. Heroin addicts showed 41.6% (WURS) and 38.6% (DSM-IV diagnostic criteria) that indicated evidence of retrospective ADHD affliction in childhood. 22.6% were IV users. CAARS was presented in 37.9% heroin addicts who exhibited a substantiation of ADHD persistent in adulthood. The difference between the mean score of WURS and CAARS of ADHD patients were significantly greater (P = 0.003), than the normal patients. Conclusions: These results revealed that addiction is associated with co-morbidity with ADHD, expressed in the form of heroin addiction. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i2.18294 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.13(2) 2014 p.128-134

The Co-Morbidity of Math Learning Disorder (Math LD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD)

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
William Barbaresi ◽  
Slavica K. Katusic ◽  
Robert C. Colligan ◽  
Stephanie M. Bagniewski ◽  
Amy L. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Learning Disorder ◽  
Math Learning ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Co Morbidity

Planum temporale asymmetry and ear advantage in dichotic listening in developmental dyslexia and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
LORI M. FOSTER ◽  
GEORGE W. HYND ◽  
ALLISON E. MORGAN ◽  
KENNETH HUGDAHL
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Planum Temporale ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Ear Advantage ◽  
Right Ear Advantage ◽  
Auditory Association Cortex

The planum temporale is clearly involved in language processing, for it serves as the auditory association cortex. Research has consistently demonstrated that 60 to 70% of the population has leftward asymmetry of the planum temporale. Research has also suggested that dyslexic individuals tend to have either rightward asymmetry or symmetrical plana. Moreover, many studies have found a relationship between the presence of dyslexia and/or language impairment and deficits in the normal right ear advantage found in dichotic listening paradigms. In this context, this study examined the relationship between planum temporale asymmetry and ear preference in dichotic listening performance in children with Developmental Dyslexia and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Subjects included 19 children with dyslexia (10 of whom had a comorbid diagnosis of ADHD), 23 children with ADHD, and 12 diagnosed normal control children. Dichotic listening data were not collected for 8 of the 12 normal control children and for 3 of the 23 ADHD children. Results revealed no significant difference between ADHD and dyslexic subjects in regard to ear advantage on the free recall dichotic listening task. In addition, although the directed dichotic listening tasks were not related to degree of planum asymmetry, as predicted, results indicated that subjects who consistently displayed an atypical left ear advantage tended to have larger right bank lengths than those who consistently displayed a typical right ear advantage. These findings support the notion that some individuals with dyslexia or language deficits tend to have a larger right planum temporale and that performance on dichotic listening tasks may reflect this relatively unusual pattern. (JINS, 2002, 8, 22–36.)

scholarly journals Atomoxetine in the Treatment of the Most Common Comorbid Disorders of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Anxiety Disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
E. Snircova ◽  
T. Kulhan ◽  
G. Nosalova ◽  
I. Ondrejka
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Psychosocial Impairment ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

Abstract Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood or adolescence is associated with a significantly higher lifetime risk of oppositional defiant disorder, anxiety disorder, conduct disorder, among others. Reports of co-morbidity rates are variable and influenced by assesment methodology and refferal bias, and may reflect lifetime rates within clinical groups. Up-to date studies revealed that as many as 85% of patients with ADHD have at least one psychiatric comorbidity and approximately 60% have at least two. Research and clinical practice has shown that having multiple co-existing psychiatric problems increase the severity of ADHD and behavioural problems, and is associated with incereased psychosocial impairment. The high rate of psychiatric problems co-occuring with ADHD has strong implications for the management of these patients. The presence of co-existing psychiatric conditions may moderate the response to treatment of ADHD and ADHD treatments may adversely affect and exacerbate the symptoms of the co-morbit condition. The aim of this article was to summarize the use of atomoxetine in the most frequent co-morbid disorders accompaining ADHD, ODD (oppositional defiant disorder) and anxiety, and to emphazise decrease of co-morbid symptoms with treatment of atomoxetine what exhort us to think about them as about possible subtypes of ADHD.

Co-morbidity in Adults with ADHD

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (S12) ◽  
pp. 12-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey H. Newcorn
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Morbid Conditions

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly co-morbid across the life span. However, co-morbidity is not uniform across time; individual co-morbid conditions tend to occur at different times developmentally, with rates often reflecting lifetime occurrence (Slide 1). In addition to changes in the rates of co-morbidity, the nature of co-morbidity may also differ in late adolescence/adulthood, when co-morbid conditions can be especially impairing (eg, antisocial disorder, substance use disorder [SUD], more severe mood disorders).

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