Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science
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Published By Bangladesh Journals Online

2076-0299, 2223-4721

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-66
Author(s):  
Herlina Semi ◽  
Sitti Syahriani Sambari ◽  
Yuliana Syam ◽  
Andi Masyitha Irwan

Background: Patients with permanent colostomy experience quality of life (QoL) decrease, complications, and colostomy adjustment problems. Technology-based interventions can be provided with telephone follow-up (TFU) to provide health education and advice on managing symptoms, identifying complications, and providing quality care services. Objective: To systematically describe and assess the effect of TFU on permanent colostomy include population, model and duration, instruments used, and effect of TFU. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was carried out using the Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) approach in eight databases, including PubMed, Proquest, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, CANCERLIT, Wiley, Gray literature, and Scopus, to identify studies reported in English, published in the last ten years, available full text, and about TFU in permanent colostomy patients. Results and Discussion: Based on the 11 RCT articles analyzed, it was found that the TFU duration ranged from 27 days to 3 years. The TFU improved self-efficacy, QoL, colostomy adjustment, self-care, self-management, service satisfaction, and complications. Conclusion: The TFU has more effect on self-efficacy, QoL, and complications in patients with a permanent colostomy, and effective TFU was performed for at least three months. Further research is needed on the frequency or duration of telephone calls. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 54-66


2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-174
Author(s):  
Yoni Astuti ◽  
Iman Permana ◽  
Bayu Ramadhan ◽  
Rahmawati Hussein

Over the past 30 years, forest fire has been one of main ecological issues in Indonesia. Human-caused deforestation was accused to be the reason behind this matter, apart from the drastic changing in global climate. Palangkaraya is one of the citiesaffected by haze of the forest fire in 2015; considered to be the worst year of forest fire with the value of PM10 was above the normal threshold. As the impact to the community wellbeing, the prevalence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in October 2015was increasing especially in children. The research aimed to analyse the spatial distribution of children with ARI in October 2015 at Palangkaraya City. Data onARI number were collected from Primary Care under Public Health Office of Palangkaraya City. The PM 10 value was collected bythe Environmental Agency of Palangkaraya City. The spatial analyse method was conducted using theAverage Nearest Neighbour (ANN) method. The result shows that the number of ANN ratio is 0.761801. It means that the distribution pattern of children with ARI in Central Kalimantan during the forest fire in October 2015 was in cluster form. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 171-174


2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Md Abdul Qader ◽  
AKM Abu Mottaleb ◽  
Naznin Akter Shetu ◽  
Raonokosh Salehin Khan ◽  
Tanjima Ahad Nisha ◽  
...  

Objectives: Assessment of health related quality of life (HRQOL) is an essential part of evaluation of end stage renal disease (ESRD) as we have conducted this study on haemodialysis patients to see the HRQOL and to asses and compare the parameters which influence physical and mental health. Materials and Methods: This was a single centre study on haemodialysis patients using Short Form 36 (SF-36) of Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL). All the eight domains of HRQOL were assessed individually as well as summary scores for mental health (MCS Mental composite summary) and physical health (PCS Physical composite summary) were also evaluated. The questionnaire was completed by patient themselves and the clinical data was extracted from the medical records with prior consent from the patient. Results and discussion: The study participants showed a female predominance of 66% with a lower PCS and MCS scores among female participants in comparison to their male counterparts. Overall summary scores showed a lower PCS (38.71±8.15) than MCS (42.79±11.6) which reflects better mental health than physical health in the study population. A multiple regression analysis showed, the presence of residual renal function (β= -0.421, p= 0.02), duration of dialysis (β= 0.405, p= 0.03) and haemoglobin less than 12g/dL (β= 0.379, p= 0.02) were significant predictors of MCS. Conclusion: HRQOL in haemodialysis patients are influenced by socio-demographic as well as clinical parameters. In our population, kidney disease affects physical health more than mental health and the reasons are multifactorial. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 90-95


2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-36
Author(s):  
Mohd Akhtar Ali ◽  
Mohd Khalid ◽  
- Hamiduddin ◽  
- Zaigham ◽  
Mohammad Aslam

Ilmul Saidala (Unani pharmacy) is an important pharmaceutical branch of Unani System of Medicine, also known as Greco-Arabic medicine. Its historical evolution is intricately related with that of human’s disease and sufferings. The earlier records about the Ilmul Saidala reveal that the Greco-Roman civilization is credited with its origin and development. Then, the Arabs preserved their medical legacy, and enriched it with their pharmaceutical experiments, innovations, and newer formulations. Most of the physicians rendered voluminous compendium known as “Al-Qarābādhīn” (pharmacopoeia) on the pharmacy including pharmaceutical as well as cosmeceutical preparations. After the fifth century, the development in Unani Pharmacy has been greatly contributed by Arab physicians and the world acclaimed piece of knowledge from this period is Avicenna’s ‘Canon of Medicine’. The medical influences of the Arabs helped in further development, regulation, and advancement of pharmaceutical sciences in the European soil and evolved it as a distinctive institution of respect and public welfare. The vastness of knowledge of Greco-Arabic period can be judged from the fact that the contemporary innovations and developments in the pharmaceutical industry is primarily owed to the original contributions of Greek, Egyptian, and Arab philosophers and physicians, such as Hippocrates, Pedanios Dioscorides, Galen of Pergamon, Avicenna, Rhazes, Geber etc. In India, Mughals, especially emperor Akbar was very instrumental in the propagation of Unani medicine and had appointed Unani physicians in different cities of his territory. Later on, Khandan Shareefi (Shareefi family) and Khandan Azizi (Azizi family) played important roles in the promotion of Unani Pharmacy. In post-independence India , Hạkīm ‘Abd al-Hạmeed established Unani pharmacies on the lines of the modern pharmaceutical industry for the mass production of Unani formulations in compliance with Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) guidelines. At present, Unani System of Medicine and its pharmacies enjoys the patronage of Government in India and other South-East Asian countries, such as Pakistan and Bangladesh along with post graduate education in Unani pharmacy. The present work is a sincere attempt of authors to critically appraise the Unani Pharmaceutical potentials from the past, the current waves of developments and issues, and their possible ways forward. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 24-36


2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
Tatiana Fedorova ◽  
Natalya Semenenko ◽  
Serafima Tazina ◽  
Alexander Mamonov ◽  
Tatiana Sotnikova

Objective: The increase of morbidity results from both an increase of life expectancy of the population, and influence of various risk factors contributing to development and increase of chronic heart failure (CHF). The combination of several atherogenic mechanisms (abdominal obesity (AO), insulin resistance (IR), arterial hypertension (AH), hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia), combined as “metabolic syndrome” (MS), causes a more rapid development of CHF. Materials and methods: The research finding of 74 patients with class II-III of CHF, including 37 patients (50%) with MS, are presented. The age structure of the pathology, severity of clinical course, data of laboratory and instrumental examination in various groups of patients were evaluated. A special program included an echocardiographic test with an assessment of various myocardial parameters. Results and Discussion: Research materials find out a number of characteristics of CHF clinical course (its earlier development and severe course) in patients with MS. Echocardiographic tests reveal an increase of heart chambers sizes, thickness of left and right ventricle, pulmonary hypertension. Myocardium morpho-functional changes are more significant in patients with CHF and MS than in those without MS. An increase in leptin levels, a marker of obesity, fibrosis and inflammation, has been found. Leptin, C-reactive peptide (CRP) and high-sensitive troponin in patients with MS significantly exceeded those in patientswithout MS. Correlations of leptin levels, adiponectin, CRP and left ventricular mass, thickness of epicardial fat (TEF), ejection fraction were established. Conclusion: Materials of the research indicate the important role of inflammatory and dysmetabolic processes in development and progression of CHF in patients with MS. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 105-113


2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Nagalakshmi CS ◽  
Shaheen B Shaikh ◽  
Santhosh NU

Background: COVID-19 is a rapidly spreading communicable disease worldwide. It varies widely in its spectrum of manifestations, from being mild self-limiting disease, to fulminant disease, often leading to complications and death. Diabetes is an important co-morbidity linked to severity of infection by SARSCoV- 2, which predisposes them to severe pneumonia. Poor glycaemic control is associated with worse outcomes. The disease burden of COVID-19 is continuously increasing, and with a high prevalence of diabetes, it is all the more important to understand the vital aspects of COVID-19 infection in diabetic population. Hence, we try to provide close insights into its pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, recommendations on management and prevention and possible avenues for improving disease outcomes. Methods: PubMed database and Google Scholar were searched using the key terms ‘COVID-19’, ‘SARS CoV- 2’, ‘Corona’ and ‘diabetes’. Full texts of the retrieved articles were accessed and referred. Three main mechanisms which influence COVID-19 disease manifestation in diabetics include: (a) Entry of virus via ACE-2 receptors (b) Action through Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4, and (c) Elevation of glucose concentration in airways by elevated blood glucose.ACE-2 is expressed in alveolar epithelial cells, heart, renal-tubular and intestinal epithelia and pancreas. S-Glycoprotein on the surface of SARS-CoV-2 binds to this ACE-2 and undergoes a conformational change. This allows its’ proteolytic digestion by host cell proteases TMPRSS2 and Furin, leading to internalization of virus. Viral entry into cells triggers an inflammatory response by T-helper-cells and at times, a ‘cytokine storm’, resulting in organ damage. Apart from diminishing neutrophil chemotaxis and reducing phagocytosis, by which diabetes predisposes individuals to infections, there are several specific factors with respect to SARS-CoV2: (i) Increased ACE-2 expression (ii) Raised Furin (iii) Diminished T-cell functioning, and (iv) Increased IL-6 levels. Movement restrictions, increased stress due to social isolation and lack of physical activity further complicates the issue. It is therefore, much essential to raise awareness among front-line workers. Finally, the current situation emphasizes the need for more clinical investigation and define best practices for optimum outcomes. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 19-23


2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-195
Author(s):  
Nurkhaniza Kaman ◽  
Azlina Ishak ◽  
Juliawati Muhammad

We present a case of disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis in a 72-year-old male patient who has multiple ulcerated painless nodules over the left side of his chest and on his upper and lower left limbs for three years. He was initially diagnosed to have nodular vasculitis based on early repeated biopsies. Despite the patient’s good compliance with his prednisolone medication, no significant clinical improvement was observed. Another biopsy, which was arranged after two years of treatment for nodular vasculitis, supported the diagnosis of sporotrichosis. Itraconazole was initiated, and all the lesions showed a remarkable response toward the treatment. The delay in finding the correct diagnosis unnecessarily exposed the patient to the side effects of steroid and caused the disease to worsen. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 191-195


2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
Farhana Salim ◽  
Iffat Nowshin ◽  
Meherunnessa Begum

Aim: This was a descriptive cross sectional study with an aim to find out the occurrences of awareness and use of PPE among the radiographic workers. Methods: The study was conducted among 80 radiographic workers working in 30 different X-ray installations in Dhaka city. Data were collected by direct interviewing of the respondents by using structured questionnaires. Result: Out of all respondents, 93.8%were male and 6.2% were female. Fifty two percent were within the age group 31-40 years. Forty-five percent of all the respondents had higher academic qualification on radiography and eighty-six percent of them were trained in radiography. Ninetynine percent of the workers were aware about using personal protective equipments and Ninetyseven percent were aware about using monitoring devices. However PPE was used by ninety-two percent and radiation monitoring devices by only thirty-six percent. Conclusion: Appropriate protective devices and monitoring devices were not available in most the installations. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 114-119


2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-183
Author(s):  
- Pujiati ◽  
Dono Indarto ◽  
- Susilorini ◽  
Diani Retno Widyatuti ◽  
Haneda Ilzafira Damayanti ◽  
...  

Background: Asthma is a disease of the respiratory tract in the form of chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation is one of them characterized by the remodeling of the airways mediated by the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β. In addition there are also several immune cells that play a role such as macrophages, dendritic, neutrophils as producers of IL-12. The presence of the gut-lung axis allows the spread of inflammatory cytokines from the lungs to the intestines and vice versa. Lactobacillus brevis and Leuconostoc mesenteroides have the potential to modulate the immune system through its colonization of the gut. The study aimed to look at the effect of probiotics combined Lactobacillus brevis and Leuconostoc mesenteroides on the expression of TGF-β and IL-12 in the asthma model mouse ileum. Method: This experimental post-test only control group design study used 18 Sprague-Dawley mice. The mice were divided into 3 groups at random: control group (KI), asthma treatment (KII), asthma treatment with a combination of Lactobacillus brevis and Leuconostoc mesenteroides (KIII). Sensitization of asthma with OVA through intraperitoneal injection on days 0 and 14 and through inhalation on days 21 -63. Administration of combination probiotics per oral per day on days 21-63 after inhalation of OVA. The ileum network was taken on the 64th day and measured the expression of TGF-βand IL-12 with immunohistochemical methods and analyzed the percentage proportion of TGF-βand IL-12. Data analysis were conducted by One way ANOVA test and continued post hoc tests. Results: The percentage calculation of the proportion of TGF-βin thecontrol group (KI), asthma group (KII), and the combination group of L.brevis and L.mesenteroides (KIII) is 22.4 ± 15.27; 1.6 ± 2.12; 19.4 ± 6.65. While the percentage calculation of il-12 proportion in each group consecutively were 24.3 ± 19.67; 64.63 ± 9.90; 51 ± 16.62. One way ANOVA Test results on the percentage proportion of TGF-βhave a p value of 0.013 (p<0.05) which means there is a significant difference in the entire group. Furthermore, the Post Hoc Games-Howell test was conducted and obtained a p value of 0.003 (p<0.05) between the asthma group (KII) and the combination group of L.brevis and L.mesenteroides (KIII) which means there are significant differences between the two groups. One way ANOVA Test results on the percentage proportion of IL-12 have a p value of 0.011 (p<0.05) which means there is a significant difference in the entire group. Furthermore, the Post Hoc LSD test was conducted and obtained a p value of 0.001 (p<0.05) between the control group Post Hoc analyses was conducted and obtained a p value of 0.002 (p<0.05) with number of errors was 11.353 between the control group (KI) and asthma group (KII) which means there are significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion: The probiotic administration of lactobacillus brevis and Leuconostoc mesenteroides had no effect on the expression of TGF-β and had no effect on il-12 expression in the asthma model mouse ileum. It is necessary to do research on mice with asthma using combinations with other bacteria in order to get maximum effect. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 175-183


2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
Rabeya Nahar Ferdous ◽  
Md Atikur Rahman ◽  
Md Anowar Hussain ◽  
Nasrin Akhter ◽  
Palash Chandra Banik ◽  
...  

Objective: Imipenem resistant gram-negative bacteria (GNB) have become a major public health concern worldwide, including Bangladesh. The present study was performed to determine the frequency of imipenem resistant gram-negative bacteria (GNB), their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Materials and Methods: A total of three hundred and fifty clinical samples were collected from Bangladesh Institute of Health Sciences hospital (BIHS), Dhaka, Bangladesh, over a period of 12 months. Among 350 samples, 171 (48.86%) were from indoor patients, and 179 (51.14%) were from outdoor patients. The pathogens were isolated and identified by conventional methods and were screened for antibiotic susceptibility using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method, including imipenem discs. A Chi-square test was employed for statistical analysis. Results and Discussion: Out of 350 clinical isolates, 246 showed resistance to imipenem (70.28%). Almost all of the imipenem resistant gram-negative bacteria showed the highest resistant pattern to cefepime (88.57%), amoxicillin (88.29%), cephalosporin (88.14%), cefoxitin (86%), tetracycline (84.42%), and the majority were resistant to levofloxacin (70.85%), doxycycline (70.57%), netilmicin (59.71%). But cotrimoxazole (13.42%) and tigecycline (11.43%) showed a lower resistance pattern. Statistical analysis exhibited imipenem resistant gram-negative isolates most commonly found in pus and urine samples, while Klebsiella spp (30.49%), Pseudomonas spp (26.83%) and E. coli (23.17%) were the most predominant pathogens. Conclusion: This is a retrospective study which study indicates a noteworthy rate of clinical isolates were imipenem resistant gram-negative bacteria in a well-defined tertiary care hospital, and most of these bacteria were also multidrug-resistant. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 145-150


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