Neural Control of Kidney Blood Flow During Exercise in Black Adults

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Black Adults ◽  
Kidney Blood Flow

Neural control of glucose uptake by skeletal muscle after central administration of NMDA

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (2) ◽  
pp. R492-R497 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Lang ◽  
M. Ajmal ◽  
A. G. Baillie
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Central Administration

Intracerebroventricular injection of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) produces hyperglycemia and increases whole body glucose uptake. The purpose of the present study was to determine in rats which tissues are responsible for the elevated rate of glucose disposal. NMDA was injected intracerebroventricularly, and the glucose metabolic rate (Rg) was determined for individual tissues 20-60 min later using 2-deoxy-D-[U-14C]glucose. NMDA decreased Rg in skin, ileum, lung, and liver (30-35%) compared with time-matched control animals. In contrast, Rg in skeletal muscle and heart was increased 150-160%. This increased Rg was not due to an elevation in plasma insulin concentrations. In subsequent studies, the sciatic nerve in one leg was cut 4 h before injection of NMDA. NMDA increased Rg in the gastrocnemius (149%) and soleus (220%) in the innervated leg. However, Rg was not increased after NMDA in contralateral muscles from the denervated limb. Data from a third series of experiments indicated that the NMDA-induced increase in Rg by innervated muscle and its abolition in the denervated muscle were not due to changes in muscle blood flow. The results of the present study indicate that 1) central administration of NMDA increases whole body glucose uptake by preferentially stimulating glucose uptake by skeletal muscle, and 2) the enhanced glucose uptake by muscle is neurally mediated and independent of changes in either the plasma insulin concentration or regional blood flow.

scholarly journals Monitoring of rhythms in laser speckle data

2014 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 1450015 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Postnov ◽  
A. Y. Neganova ◽  
D. D. Postnov ◽  
A. R. Brazhe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Graphics Processing Units ◽  
Surrogate Data ◽  
Laser Speckle ◽  
Tubuloglomerular Feedback ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Kidney Blood Flow ◽  
Rhythm Analysis ◽  
Spatio Temporal

While the laser speckle imaging (LSI) is a powerful tool for multiple biomedical applications, such as monitoring of the blood flow, in many cases it can provide additional information when combined with spatio-temporal rhythm analysis. We demonstrate the application of Graphics Processing Units (GPU)-based rhythm analysis for the post processing of LSI data, discuss the relevant structure of GPU-based computations, test the proposed technique on surrogate 3D data, and apply this approach to kidney blood flow autoregulation. Experiments with surrogate data demonstrate the ability of the method to extract information about oscillation patterns from noisy data, as well as to detect the moving source of the rhythm. The analysis of kidney data allow us to detect and to localize the dynamics arising from autoregulation processes at the level of individual nephrons (tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) rhythm), as well as to distinguish between the TGF-active and the TGF-silent zones.

scholarly journals Neural Control of Gastric Mucosal Blood Flow in the Rat

1975 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul H. Guth ◽  
Esther Smith
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Mucosal Blood Flow ◽  
Gastric Mucosal Blood Flow

Angiotensin II and nitric oxide in neural control of intrarenal blood flow

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (3) ◽  
pp. R745-R754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niwanthi W. Rajapakse ◽  
Amanda K. Sampson ◽  
Gabriela A. Eppel ◽  
Roger G. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Renal Nerve ◽  
Intrarenal Blood Flow ◽  
Oxide Synthase

We investigated the roles of the renin-angiotensin system and the significance of interactions between angiotensin II and nitric oxide, in responses of regional kidney perfusion to electrical renal nerve stimulation (RNS) in pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized rabbits. Under control conditions, RNS (0.5–8 Hz) reduced total renal blood flow (RBF; −89 ± 3% at 8 Hz) and cortical perfusion (CBF; −90 ± 2% at 8 Hz) more than medullary perfusion (MBF; −55 ± 5% at 8 Hz). Angiotensin II type 1 (AT1)-receptor antagonism (candesartan) blunted RNS-induced reductions in RBF ( P = 0.03), CBF ( P = 0.007), and MBF ( P = 0.04), particularly at 4 and 8 Hz. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition with NG-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA) enhanced RBF ( P = 0.003), CBF ( P = 0.001), and MBF ( P = 0.03) responses to RNS, particularly at frequencies of 2 Hz and less. After candesartan pretreatment, l-NNA significantly enhanced RNS-induced reductions in RBF ( P = 0.04) and CBF ( P = 0.007) but not MBF ( P = 0.66). Renal arterial infusion of angiotensin II (5 ng·kg−1·min−1) selectively enhanced responses of MBF to RNS in l-NNA-pretreated but not in vehicle-pretreated rabbits. In contrast, greater doses of angiotensin II (5–15 ng·kg−1·min−1) blunted responses of MBF to RNS in rabbits with intact nitric oxide synthase. These results suggest that endogenous angiotensin II enhances, whereas nitric oxide blunts, neurally mediated vasoconstriction in the renal cortical and medullary circulations. In the renal medulla, but not the cortex, angiotensin II also appears to be able to blunt neurally mediated vasoconstriction.

Neural Control of Ocular Blood Flow

2012 ◽  
pp. 243-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Reiner ◽  
Malinda E. C. Fitzgerald ◽  
Chunyan Li
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Ocular Blood Flow

Neural mechanisms regulating neurohypophysial resistance arteries

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (5) ◽  
pp. H1605-H1615
Author(s):  
D. F. Hanley ◽  
D. A. Wilson ◽  
M. A. Conway ◽  
R. J. Traystman ◽  
J. A. Bevan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Resistance Arteries ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Arterial Circulation ◽  
Physiological Relevance ◽  
Resistance Vessels ◽  
Perivascular Nerves

We defined the extent of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and noradrenergic influences on isolated 100- to 200-microns-diameter vessels from the resistance arterial circulation of the neurohypophysis. A dual extracranial (inferior hypophysial) and intracranial (superior hypophysial) arterial supply to the neurohypophysis was confirmed. The inferior hypophysial artery demonstrates noradrenergic and VIP-like perivascular nerves, whereas the superior hypophysial artery shows primarily VIP-like innervation. Pharmacological sensitivity of the inferior hypophysial to VIP [mean effective dose (ED50) = 10(-8.2) M] and to norepinephrine (ED50 = 10(-5.7) M) was demonstrated. The superior hypophysial reacted only to VIP (ED50 = 10(-8.6) M). The physiological relevance of these findings was tested with transmural nerve stimulation. Frequency-dependent vasodilation of both inferior and superior hypophysial arteries was demonstrated. This dilation could not be blocked with atropine or propranolol. Frequency-dependent vasoconstriction was identified in extracranial vessels including the inferior hypophysial artery. This constriction is only partially blocked by prazosin, phentolamine, and guanethidine. When neurohypophysial resistance vessels are compared with larger circle of Willis arteries and similar-size pial vessels of other cerebral regions, they appear to have regionally unique neural mechanisms for regulating blood flow. Specifically whether controlled by periarterial nerves or other tissue influences, the inferior hypophysial artery appears to meet anatomic, pharmacological, and physiological definitions of neural control for both dilator and constrictor activities of flow to the neurohypophysis.

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