scholarly journals Anatomical Similarities Between Mitral and Tricuspid Valves in Sheep, Ovis aries, Hearts

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Sohum Kapadia
Keyword(s):  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Device Design ◽  
Sheep Model ◽  
Similar Morphology ◽  
Optimal Intervention ◽  
Mitral Apparatus ◽  
Transcatheter Device

With the recent rapid growth in transcatheter mitral and tricuspid valve interventions, it has become increasingly important to understand detailed anatomy of the valves. In this study, we investigated the similarities, differences, and associations between the dimensions of the atrioventricular valves in a sheep model, as sheep heart valves have a similar morphology to human valves. A systematic dissection of twenty-five sheep hearts was performed, with annular circumference measurement, and sub-valvular anatomy documentation. There was a significant association (r=0.865; p=0.007) between the circumference of the mitral and tricuspid annuli. Authors also identified significantly more chordae tendinea in the subvalvular mitral apparatus compared to the tricuspid valve (15.8±1.2 vs. 13.9±1.5; p<0.001). In conclusion, there is a significant association between the size of mitral and tricuspid valve annuli, and the morphology of leaflets and subvalvular apparatus is different between the two valves. These findings could have important implications in transcatheter device design, sizing, and optimal intervention timing.

scholarly journals Establishing Background Pathologic Changes of Valve Replacement Surgery in Sheep

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill T. Schappa Faustich ◽  
John P. Carney ◽  
Matthew T. Lahti ◽  
Benjamin L. Zhang ◽  
Richard W. Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Surgery ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Preclinical Model ◽  
Sheep Model ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Replacement Surgery ◽  
Aortic Replacement ◽  
Complete Blood Counts ◽  
Future Evaluation

Abstract Purpose Sheep are the standard preclinical model for assessing safety of novel replacement heart valves, yet the anatomic and pathologic effects of invasive surgery, including those involving cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), are unknown. Thus, we aimed to determine the gross, hematologic and biochemical effects of sham mitral and aortic replacement valve procedures in sheep to establish a useful control for evaluation of novel replacement valves. Methods Six control sheep were examined without any surgical intervention. Six sham mitral valve replacements (MVR) and six sham aortic valve replacements (AVR) were performed on 12 sheep. Complete blood counts and serum biochemistry were performed throughout the study. Sheep were sacrificed with a necropsy performed at 90 days. Results Renal infarcts (RIs) were the most frequently observed lesion, averaging 4.7 in control sheep, 2.5 with MVR and 5.8 with AVR. The number of infarcts strongly correlated with total estimated area of infarcted kidney (r = .84, p < .01). Additional cardiac interventions were significantly correlated with increased numbers of RIs (r = .85, p < .01). There was no correlation between number of RIs and time on CPB, or between AVR and MVR procedures. Conclusion The sheep model for AVR and MVR requires invasive surgery and CPB, which are associated with background anatomic and pathologic changes, especially in cases with additional surgical cardiac interventions. These findings serve as a critical control for future evaluation and development of novel replacement valves in order to distinguish device-related safety issues from expected outcomes of the surgical procedure and normal background changes in sheep.

scholarly journals Comparison of Heart Valve Circumference Examined Before and After 10% Formalin Fixation

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 478-484
Author(s):  
Watcharit Anantakal ◽  
◽  
Somboon Thamtakerngkit ◽  
Vijarn Vachirawongsakorn ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Heart Valve ◽  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Formalin Fixation ◽  
Pulmonic Valve ◽  
Fresh State ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Objective: To compare the heart valve circumference before and after 10% formalin fixation. Materials and Methods: The study analyzed 63 Thai human cadaveric hearts. Each heart valve circumference was separately measured in the fresh state by specifically designed equipment. After that, the hearts were fixed in 10% formalin for 3 days. Then each heart valve circumference was measured by the same equipment and by the thread and ruler technique. The results were analyzed using SPSS package to find the association between the heart valve circumference before and after formalin fixation. Results: This study showed that the average circumferences of the heart valve measured in the fresh state were 13.329 cm in the tricuspid valve, 10.617 cm in the mitral valve, 8.416 cm in the pulmonic valve, and 7.122 cm in the aortic valve. The average circumferences of the heart valve measured after 10% formalin fixation were 11.019 cm in the tricuspid valve, 8.714 cm in the mitral valve, 6.751 cm in the pulmonic valve, and 6.089 cm in the aortic valve. The average ratios of the heart valve circumference measured fresh and after 10% formalin fixation were 0.8267 in the tricuspid valve, 0.8235 in the mitral valve, 0.8050 in the pulmonic valve, and 0.8573 in the aortic valve. There were significant differences in the heart valve circumference between the fresh state and after formalin fixation (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study revealed important information on the dimensional changes of all the formalin-fixed heart valves. We found that the heart valve shrank after formalin fixation, with the formalin-fixed hearts an estimated 0.8 times smaller than the fresh cadaveric hearts.

Morphometric Characterization and Finite Element Modeling of the Physiological Tricuspid Valve

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Stevanella ◽  
Emiliano Votta ◽  
Massimo Lemma ◽  
Carlo Antona ◽  
Alberto Redaelli
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Left Heart ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Right

The tricuspid valve (TV) is the right atrio-ventricular valve. The most common TV disease is secondary or functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR), an important complication of left-sided valvular heart lesions, which frequently persists after mitral and aortic valve operations. FTR is associated with high mortality and morbidity and requires surgical intervention, the preferential solution being TV repair through techniques such as annuloplasty performed during left heart surgery. However, significant residual regurgitation persists or recurs in 10% to 20% after annuloplasty, thus highlighting the incomplete understanding of the underlying mechanisms and the need for deeper insight into TV pathophysiology. At this purpose finite element models (FEMs) could be adopted, as suggested by their effective application to the biomechanical analysis of left heart valves. However, while for those several data are available regarding morphology and tissue mechanical properties, such information is missing for the TV, making it difficult to implement a FEM of the TV.

In Vivo Remodeling and Structural Characterization of Fibrin-Based Tissue-Engineered Heart Valves in the Adult Sheep Model

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2965-2976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Flanagan ◽  
Jörg S. Sachweh ◽  
Julia Frese ◽  
Heike Schnöring ◽  
Nina Gronloh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Sheep Model ◽  
Adult Sheep ◽  
Tissue Engineered Heart Valves

Results of a Decellularized Porcine Heart Valve Implanted into the Juvenile Sheep Model

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Dohmen ◽  
F. da Costa ◽  
S. V. Lopes ◽  
S. Yoshi ◽  
F. P. da Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Sheep Model ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Porcine Xenograft ◽  
Sirius Red

Objective: This study was performed to evaluate the possibility of creating a glutaraldehyde-free porcine xenograft to improve long-term durability. Methods: A decellularized porcine pulmonary valve was implanted into the right ventricular outflow tract of 7 juvenile sheep. Valves were explanted after 3 months (n = 4) and 6 months (n = 3). Evaluation was performed by gross examination, radiography, histology (hematoxylin-eosin and Sirius red staining), and immunohistochemistry. Quantitative determination of calcium content was investigated by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: All animals showed fast recovery without complications. At explantation, all decellularized valves showed smooth and pliable leaflets without evidence of thrombosis. The valve wall was also smooth and pliable without hardness. Light microscopy showed a monolayer of host endothelial cells covering the inner surface of the heart valves and repopulation of host fibroblasts into the deeper layers. Sirius red staining enabled visualization of the production of new collagen. Radiographic results showed an absence of calcification, confirmed by the low calcium levels (1.08 0.28 m g/g and 0.73 0.31 m g/g at 3 and 6 months, respectively) revealed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Conclusions: The results with the juvenile sheep model showed that decellularized heart valves are recellularized in vivo. Host endothelial cells form a monolayer on the inner surface of the valve matrix. Furthermore, host fibroblasts repopulate the valve matrix and produce collagen; thus, a remodeling potential can be expected.

scholarly journals Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve-in-Valve Replacement Resulting in 4 Different Prosthetic Heart Valves in a Single Patient

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. e3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Daneault ◽  
Mathew R. Williams ◽  
Martin B. Leon ◽  
Jean-Michel Paradis ◽  
Susheel K. Kodali
Keyword(s):  
Valve Replacement ◽  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Prosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Single Patient ◽  
Valve In Valve

scholarly journals Streptococcus gallolyticus endocarditis on a prosthetic tricuspid valve: a case report and review of the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raz Shapira ◽  
Tamir Weiss ◽  
Elad Goldberg ◽  
Eytan Cohen ◽  
Ilan Krause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Streptococcus Gallolyticus ◽  
Causative Microorganism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Laboratory Examinations ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Physical Findings

Abstract Background Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus is a known pathogen that causes infective endocarditis, and most cases involve the left heart valves. We present the first reported case of prosthetic tricuspid valve endocarditis caused by this microorganism. Relevant literature is reviewed. Case presentation A 67-year-old Jewish female with a history of a prosthetic tricuspid valve replacement was admitted to the emergency department because of nonspecific complaints including effort dyspnea, fatigue, and a single episode of transient visual loss and fever. No significant physical findings were observed. Laboratory examinations revealed microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and a few nonspecific abnormalities. Transesophageal echocardiogram demonstrated a vegetation attached to the prosthetic tricuspid valve. The involved tricuspid valve was replaced by a new tissue valve, and Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus was grown from its culture. Prolonged antibiotic treatment was initiated. Conclusions Based on this report and the reviewed literature, Streptococcus gallolyticus should be considered as a rare but potential causative microorganism in prosthetic right-sided valves endocarditis. The patient’s atypical presentation emphasizes the need for a high index of suspicion for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis.

Functional anatomy of right heart valves

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Christine Selton-Suty ◽  
Olivier Huttin ◽  
Clément Venner ◽  
Yves Juillière
Keyword(s):  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Pulmonary Valve ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Papillary Muscles ◽  
Right Heart ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Saddle Shape

This chapter summarizes the anatomical features of right heart valves. The tricuspid valve usually comprises three leaflets (anterior, septal, and posterior) separated by three commissures (anteroseptal, posteroseptal, and anteroposterior). The tricuspid valve apparatus consists of papillary muscles and chordae with high variability in number, length, shape, and arrangement of papillary muscles. The tricuspid valve leaflets are attached to a fibrous annulus with an ovoid saddle shape. The pulmonary valve and the aortic valve have identical architecture: three cusps (anterior, left, and right) separated by commissures, a fibrous ring, sinuses, and the sinotubular junction. Good knowledge of tricuspid and pulmonary valve functional anatomy is of clinical importance in the understanding of primary and secondary valvular dysfunction and in the development of new surgical and percutaneous therapeutic strategies.

Functional anatomy of right heart valves

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Christine Selton-Suty ◽  
Olivier Huttin ◽  
Clément Venner ◽  
Yves Juillière
Keyword(s):  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Pulmonary Valve ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Papillary Muscles ◽  
Right Heart ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Saddle Shape

This chapter summarizes the anatomical features of right heart valves. The tricuspid valve usually comprises three leaflets (anterior, septal, and posterior) separated by three commissures (anteroseptal, posteroseptal, and anteroposterior). The tricuspid valve apparatus consists of papillary muscles and chordae with high variability in number, length, shape, and arrangement of papillary muscles. The tricuspid valve leaflets are attached to a fibrous annulus with an ovoid saddle shape. The pulmonary valve and the aortic valve have identical architecture: three cusps (anterior, left, and right) separated by commissures, a fibrous ring, sinuses, and the sinotubular junction. Good knowledge of tricuspid and pulmonary valve functional anatomy is of clinical importance in the understanding of primary and secondary valvular dysfunction and in the development of new surgical and percutaneous therapeutic strategies.

Functional anatomy of right heart valves

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Selton-Suty ◽  
Olivier Huttin ◽  
Clément Venner ◽  
Yves Juillière
Keyword(s):  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Pulmonary Valve ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Papillary Muscles ◽  
Right Heart ◽  
Sinotubular Junction ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Saddle Shape

This chapter summarizes the anatomical features of right heart valves. The tricuspid valve usually comprises three leaflets (anterior, septal, and posterior) separated by three commissures (anteroseptal, posteroseptal, and anteroposterior). The tricuspid valve apparatus consists of papillary muscles and chordae with high variability in number, length, shape, and arrangement of papillary muscles. The tricuspid valve leaflets are attached to a fibrous annulus with an ovoid saddle shape. The pulmonary valve and the aortic valve have identical architecture: three cusps (anterior, left, and right) separated by commissures, a fibrous ring, sinuses, and the sinotubular junction. Good knowledge of tricuspid and pulmonary valve functional anatomy is of clinical importance in the understanding of primary and secondary valvular dysfunction and in the development of new surgical and percutaneous therapeutic strategies.

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