Circular Economics and Thermochemical Conversion of Solid Waste

Brazil is still very incipient in the use of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) for the generation of fuels and electric energy. Law No. 12.305/10 establishes the National Solid Waste Policy (NSWP), considered efficient and adequate for solving the problems caused by MSW. However, NSWP is considered a process of high cost when compared to landfill. Due to the need to seek clean and renewable forms of energy, the pyrolysis process can be an alternative in the primary energy production. This is a thermochemical conversion process, which occurs at high temperatures and involves several chemical reactions, whose liquid organic aqueous fraction is called bio-oil. This work studied the physicochemical characteristics of some types of waste (food scraps, cardboard and paper) and their potential for power generation. The samples presented similar elemental composition and the moisture content for energy generation: 7 % for food scraps (FS), 6 % for cardboard and 4 % for paper. Thermogravimetric analysis were performed to establish that the optimum temperature pyrolysis, in addition to determining the ash content, values above 20 % may cause loss of energy in the process or soot in the liquid fraction. The lowest heating value (LHV) presented typical values of biomasses, between 13 MJ/kg and 20/MJ kg. Considering the obtained results, these samples presented energetic potential for use in the pyrolysis process.

Download Full-text

Biological and thermochemical conversion of human solid waste to soil amendments

Waste Management ◽

10.1016/j.wasman.2019.04.010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 89 ◽

pp. 366-378 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Leilah Krounbi ◽

Akio Enders ◽

Harold van Es ◽

Dominic Woolf ◽

Brian von Herzen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solid Waste ◽

Soil Amendments ◽

Thermochemical Conversion

Download Full-text

Assessment of heavy metals in RDF for thermochemical conversion

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202015804006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 158 ◽

pp. 04006

Author(s):

Ismail Babatunde Adefeso ◽

Daniel Ikhu-Omoregbe ◽

Yusuf M. Isa

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Bottom Ash ◽

Cape Town ◽

Waste To Energy ◽

Thermochemical Conversion ◽

Solid Waste Disposal ◽

High Concentrations

Thermal treatment applications towards production of energy from raw and pre-treated municipal solid waste (MSW) are continuously growing context in contemporary waste-to-energy technology. The quality of MSW needs an improved analysis to enhance her choice of energy exploitation and environmental assessment of fly and bottom ashes associated with thermochemical conversions. The MSW were collected from municipal solid waste disposal facilities (MSWDF) in Cape Town to investigate heavy metals distributions in MSW. The MSW were pre-treated to improve the quality of MSW. The 7700 Series quadrupole ICP-MS solution method was used to determine concentrations and distributions of some heavy metals from MSWDF in Cape Town. This study further predicted distributions of heavy metals in fly and bottom ashes by a model. The results showed that accumulation of high concentrations of heavy metals in bottom ash residue could be a good remedy for heavy metals control. The heavy metals (especially Pb, Zn and Hg) emissions could be technically monitored and controlled from escaping to urban air-sheds atmosphere and prevent from their consequential secondary environmental and health implication.

Download Full-text

Experimental study on characteristics of municipal solid waste (MSW) in typical cites of Indonesia

Progress in Energy & Fuels ◽

10.18282/pef.v8i1.716 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 13

Author(s):

Zongao Zhen ◽

Hao Zhang ◽

Mi Yan ◽

Angjian Wu ◽

Xiaoqing Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Thermochemical Conversion ◽

Clear Understanding ◽

Municipal Solid Wastes ◽

Renewable Power ◽

Physical Composition ◽

Energy Products ◽

The Impact

<p>A clear understanding of the basic characteristics of municipal solid waste is the basis for the investigation of appropriate disposal technique. Municipal solid wastes subdivided into 7 categories were sampled in 7 typical cities of Indonesia in this study. The physical composition, chemical properties of the municipal solid waste, as well as the impact of seasonal and geographical changes on the physical composition have been investigated. The physical and chemical characteristics of municipal solid waste in Indonesia is understood in detail.<br />The average percent content of each Indonesian waste category in sequence is 27.50% food waste, 20.42% mixture waste, 19.41% plastic waste, 14.54% paper waste, 9.25% wood waste, 4.90% textile waste, and 3.98% non-combustible waste. It is found that the seasonal changes have weak impact on the composition of MSW in Indonesia. The moisture content of each type of waste is above 30%, and the lower heating value on a wet basis of the overall municipal solid waste reaches 8.6MJ/Kg, which is well above the World Bank-recommended value (6MJ/Kg) for utilization in thermochemical conversion processes. The results prove that Indonesian municipal solid waste is potential for converting waste to renewable power or other energy products.</p>

Download Full-text