scholarly journals Surgical treatment of dumbbell-shaped jugular foramen schwannomas

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo A. S. Kadri ◽  
Ossama Al-Mefty
Keyword(s):  
Cranial Nerve ◽  
Recovery Of Function ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Jugular Foramen ◽  
Jugular Bulb ◽  
Senior Author ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Cystic Degeneration ◽  
Lower Cranial Nerves

Object Schwannomas of the jugular foramen are rare, comprising between 2 and 4% of intracranial schwannomas. The authors retrospectively analyzed their surgical experience with schwannomas of the lower cranial nerves that presented with intra- and extracranial extensions through an enlarged jugular foramen. The transcondylar suprajugular approach was used without sacrificing the labyrinth or the integrity of the jugular bulb. In this report the clinical and radiological features are discussed and complications are analyzed. Methods This retrospective study includes six patients (three women and three men, mean age 31.6 years) with dumbbell-shaped jugular foramen schwannomas that were surgically treated by the senior author during a 5.5-year period. One patient had undergone previous surgery elsewhere. Glossopharyngeal and vagal nerve deficits were the most common signs (appearing in all patients), followed by hypoglossal and accessory nerve deficits (66.6%). Two or more signs or symptoms were present in every patient. Three tumors presented with cystic degeneration. In four patients the jugular bulb was not patent on neuroimaging studies. The suprajugular approach was used in five patients; the origin of the tumor from the 10th cranial nerve could be defined in three of them. All lesions were completely resected. No death or additional postoperative cranial nerve deficits occurred in this series. Aspiration pneumonia developed in one patient. Preoperative deficits of the ninth and 10th cranial nerves improved in one third of the patients and half recovered mobility of the tongue. No recurrence was discovered during the mean follow-up period of 32.8 months. Conclusions With careful, extensive preoperative evaluation and appropriate planning of the surgical approach, dumbbell-shaped jugular foramen schwannomas can be radically and safely resected without creating additional neurological deficits. Furthermore, recovery of function in the affected cranial nerves can be expected.

scholarly journals Complex tumors of the glomus jugulare: criteria, treatment, and outcome

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1356-1366
Author(s):  
Ossama Al-Mefty ◽  
Aramis Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Cranial Nerve ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Adrenal Tumors ◽  
Glomus Jugulare ◽  
Associated Lesions ◽  
Vertebrobasilar Artery ◽  
Lower Cranial Nerves

Object Tumors of the glomus jugulare are benign, slow-growing paragangliomas. Their natural history, surgical treatment, and outcome have been well addressed in the recent literature; however, there remains a subgroup of complex tumors—multiple, giant, malignant, neuropeptide-secreting lesions, and those treated previously by an intervention with an adverse outcome—that is high risk, presents surgical challenges, and is associated with treatment controversy. In this article the authors report on a series of patients with complex glomus jugulare tumors and focus on treatment decisions, avoidance of complications, surgical refinements, and patient outcomes. Methods In this retrospective study, the patient population was composed of 11 male and 32 female patients (mean age 47 years) with complex tumors of the glomus jugulare who were treated by the senior author within the past 20 years. These include 38 patients with giant tumors, 11 with multiple paragangliomas (seven bilateral and four ipsilateral), two with tumors that hypersecreted catecholamine, and one with a malignant tumor. Six patients had associated lesions: one dural arteriovenous malformation, one carotid artery (CA) aneurysm, two adrenal tumors, and two other cranial tumors. All but one patient presented with neurological deficits. Cranial nerve deficits, particularly those associated with the lower cranial nerves, were the prominent feature. Twenty-eight patients underwent resection in an attempt at total removal, and gross-total resection was achieved in 24 patients. Particularly challenging were cases in which the patient had undergone prior embolization or CA occlusion, after which new feeding vessels from the internal CA and vertebrobasilar artery circulation developed. The surgical technique was tailored to each patient and each tumor. It was modified to preserve facial nerve function, particularly in patients with bilateral tumors. Intrabulbar dissection was performed to increase the likelihood that the lower cranial nerves would be preserved. Each tumor was isolated to improve its resectability and prevent blood loss. No operative mortality occurred. In one patient hemiplegia developed postoperatively due to CA thrombosis, but the patient recovered after an endovascular injection of urokinase. In four patients a cerebrospinal fluid leak was treated through spinal drainage, and in five patients infection developed in the external ear canal. Two of these infections progressed to osteomyelitis of the temporal bone. There were two recurrences, one in a patient with a malignant tumor who eventually died of the disease. Conclusions Despite the challenges encountered in treating complex glomus jugulare tumors, resection is indicated and successful. Multiple tumors mandate a treatment plan that addresses the risk of bilateral cranial nerve deficits. The intra-bulbar dissection technique can be used with any tumor, as long as the tumor itself has not penetrated the wall of the jugular bulb or infiltrated the cranial nerves. Tumors that hypersecrete catecholamine require perioperative management and malignant tumors carry a poor prognosis.

Microsurgical Resection of Glomus Jugulare Tumors With Facial Nerve Reconstruction: 3-Dimensional Operative Video

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. E1-E1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duarte N C Cândido ◽  
Jean Gonçalves de Oliveira ◽  
Luis A B Borba
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Infratemporal Fossa ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Jugular Foramen ◽  
Jugular Bulb ◽  
Senior Author ◽  
Nerve Reconstruction ◽  
Glomus Jugulare ◽  
Carotid Canal

Abstract Paragangliomas are tumors originating from the paraganglionic system (autonomic nervous system), mostly found at the region around the jugular bulb, for which reason they are also termed glomus jugulare tumors (GJT). Although these lesions appear to be histologically benign, clinically they present with great morbidity, especially due to invasion of nearby structures such as the lower cranial nerves. These are challenging tumors, as they need complex approaches and great knowledge of the skull base. We present the case of a 31-year-old woman, operated by the senior author, with a 1-year history of tinnitus, vertigo, and progressive hearing loss, that evolved with facial nerve palsy (House-Brackmann IV) 2 months before surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scans demonstrated a typical lesion with intense flow voids at the jugular foramen region with invasion of the petrous and tympanic bone, carotid canal, and middle ear, and extending to the infratemporal fossa (type C2 of Fisch's classification for GJT). During the procedure the mastoid part of the facial nerve was identified involved by tumor and needed to be resected. We also describe the technique for nerve reconstruction, using an interposition graft from the great auricular nerve, harvested at the beginning of the surgery. We achieved total tumor resection with a remarkable postoperative course. The patient also presented with facial function after 6 months. The patient consented with publication of her images.

scholarly journals Late Pseudo-Exacerbation of Myasthenia Gravis Due to Ectopic Thymoma Invading Lower Cranial Nerves

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg MacLean ◽  
Alan Guberman ◽  
Antonio Giulivi
Keyword(s):  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Cranial Nerve ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Jugular Foramen ◽  
Lower Cranial Nerve ◽  
Cervical Mass ◽  
Ectopic Thymoma ◽  
Cranial Nerve Palsies ◽  
Lower Cranial Nerves ◽  
Repeated Aspiration

ABSTRACT:Dysarthria, dysphagia and repeated aspiration in a 54-year-old woman diagnosed and treated for myasthenia gravis 7 years earlier were initially thought to represent a late exacerbation of myasthenia. A cervical mass invading the jugular foramen and causing multiple lower cranial nerve palsies was biopsied and found to represent invasive ectopic thymoma.

Jugular Foramen: Microscopic Anatomic Features and Implications for Neural Preservation with Reference to Glomus Tumors Involving the Temporal Bone

Neurosurgery ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 838-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandranath Sen ◽  
Karin Hague ◽  
Rajneesh Kacchara ◽  
Arthur Jenkins ◽  
Sumit Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Cranial Nerve ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Jugular Foramen ◽  
Jugular Bulb ◽  
Glomus Tumors

Abstract OBJECTIVE Our goals were to study the normal histological features of the jugular foramen, compare them with the histopathological features of glomus tumors involving the temporal bone, and thus provide insight into the surgical management of these tumors with respect to cranial nerve function. METHODS Ten jugular foramen blocks were obtained from five human cadavers after removal of the brain. Microscopic studies of these blocks were performed, with particular attention to fibrous or bony compartmentalization of the jugular foramen, the relationships of the caudal cranial nerves to the jugular bulb/jugular vein and internal carotid artery, and the fascicular structures of the nerves. In addition, we studied the histopathological features of 11 glomus tumors involving the temporal bone (10 patients), with respect to nerve invasion, associated fibrosis, and carotid artery adventitial invasion. RESULTS A dural septum separating the IXth cranial nerve from the fascicles of Cranial Nerves X and XI, at the intracranial opening, was noted. Only two specimens, however, had a septum (one bony and one fibrous) producing internal compartmentalization of the jugular foramen. The cranial nerves remained fasciculated within the foramen, with the vagus nerve containing multiple fascicles and the glossopharyngeal and accessory nerves containing one and two fascicles, respectively. All of these nerve fascicles lay medial to the superior jugular bulb, with the IXth cranial nerve located anteriorly and the XIth cranial nerve posteriorly. All nerve fascicles had separate connective tissue sheaths. A dense connective tissue sheath was always present between the IXth cranial nerve and the internal carotid artery, at the level of the carotid canal. The inferior petrosal sinus was present between the IXth and Xth cranial nerves, as single or multiple venous channels. The glomus tumors infiltrated between the cranial nerve fascicles and inside the perineurium. They also produced reactive fibrosis. In one patient, in whom the internal carotid artery was also excised, the tumor invaded the adventitia. CONCLUSION Within the jugular foramen, the cranial nerves lie anteromedial to the jugular bulb and maintain a multifascicular histoarchitecture (particularly the Xth cranial nerve). Glomus tumors of the temporal bone can invade the cranial nerve fascicles, and infiltration of these nerves can occur despite normal function. In these situations, total resection may not be possible without sacrifice of these nerves.

Lower Skull Base: Anatomic Study with Surgical Implications

1995 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Essam Saleh ◽  
Maged Naguib ◽  
Yasar Cokkeser ◽  
Miguel Aristegui ◽  
Mario Sanna
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Jugular Foramen ◽  
Jugular Bulb ◽  
Microsurgical Anatomy ◽  
Anatomic Study ◽  
Hypoglossal Canal ◽  
Lower Cranial Nerves

With advances in the lateral approaches to the skull base and the increasing success of the management of jugular foramen lesions, a thorough knowledge of the anatomy of this region is needed. The purpose of the present work is to study the detailed microsurgical anatomy of the lower skull base and the jugular foramen area as seen through the lateral approaches. Forty preserved skull base specimens and 5 fresh cadavers were dissected. The shape of the jugular bulb and its relationship to nearby structures were recorded. The different venous connections of the bulb were noted. The hypoglossal canal was identified and its contents were observed. The lower cranial nerves were studied at the level of the upper neck, at their exit from the inferior skull base, and in the jugular foramen. The results of the present study showed the complex and variable anatomy of this area. The classic compartments of the jugular foramen were not always present. Cranial nerves IX through XI followed different patterns while passing through the jugular foramen, being separated from the jugular bulb by bone, thick fibrous tissue, or thin connective tissue.

scholarly journals Jugular Foramen Tumors

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Rayappa
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Cranial Nerve ◽  
Skull Base Surgery ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Radical Resection ◽  
Jugular Foramen ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Lower Cranial Nerve ◽  
Radiological Features ◽  
Lower Cranial Nerves

ABSTRACT Jugular foramen tumors are rare cranial base lesions that present diagnostic and management difficulties. Paragangliomas were the most frequent lesions, followed by schwannomas and meningiomas. These tumors have characteristic radiological features. Radical resection of these tumors with preservation of the lower cranial nerves is the treatment of choice. Despite the advances in skull base surgery, new postoperative lower cranial nerve deficits still represent a challenge.

scholarly journals Suprabulbar Approach to Jugular Fossa Tumors: 2-Dimensional Operative Video

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle C Wu ◽  
Emad Aboud ◽  
Ossama Al-Mefty
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Jugular Foramen ◽  
Jugular Bulb ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Impaired Hearing ◽  
Venous Flow ◽  
Jugular Fossa ◽  
Distal Aspect ◽  
Lower Cranial Nerves

Abstract Owing to their scarcity, location, and intricate neurovascular associations, jugular fossa tumors are among the most challenging pathologies encountered by the neurosurgeon.1 While paragangliomas originate within and often occlude the jugular bulb, schwannomas and meningiomas are extra-bulbar and typically do not impede venous flow.2 Schwannomas typically arise from an extradural origin, expanding the jugular foramen.3-5 Meningiomas are intradural and cause hyperostosis of the jugular tubercle.6 We described and have been exposing and resecting jugular fossa tumors through a presigmoid suprabulbar infralabyrinthine window6 that has been detailed in cadaveric studies.7,8 This approach maintains the patency of the jugular bulb without breaching the labyrinths or manipulating the facial nerve. It is applicable to cases with partially impaired hearing and intact lower cranial nerves. The carotid artery can be identified by neuronavigation and micro-Doppler ultrasonography. This approach provides a direct lateral trajectory with a short distance to the jugular fossa and cerebellopontine angle. Early exposure and central debulking of the tumor minimize manipulation of the exquisitely sensitive lower cranial nerves. The distal aspect of these tumors can be removed with endoscopic assisted techniques.9 The first patient is a 49-yr-old woman with a previously irradiated schwannoma who presented with worsening neurologic deficits—an extradural suprabulbar approach was used to resect this tumor. The second patient is a 27-yr-old woman with an enlarging meningioma and associated neurological dysfunction; this tumor was resected using the suprabulbar approach with opening of the presigmoid dura. Both patients have consented to surgery and publication of images. Image at 2:27 and 6:38 reprinted from Arnautović et al, with permission from JNSPG. Image at 2:50 and 6:45 ©Ossama Al-Mefty 1997, reused with permission.

scholarly journals Intracranial nonvestibular neurinomas: Young neurosurgeons’ experience

2014 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 231-243
Author(s):  
Forhad Hossain Chowdhury ◽  
Mohammod R. Haque ◽  
Khandkar A. Kawsar ◽  
Mainul H. Sarker ◽  
Mahmudul Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Cranial Nerve ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Craniovertebral Junction ◽  
Jugular Foramen ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Subtotal Resection ◽  
Total Resection

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives: Neurinoma arising from other than nonvestibular cranial nerves is less prevalent. Here we present our experiences regarding the clinical profile, investigations, microneurosurgical management, and the outcome of nonvestibular cranial nerve neurinomas. Materials and Methods: From January 2005 to December 2011, the recorded documents of operated nonvestibular intracranial neurinomas were retrospectively studied for clinical profile, investigations, microneurosurgical management, complications, follow-up, and outcomes. Results: The average follow-up was 24.5 months. Total number of cases was 30, with age ranging from 9 to 60 years. Sixteen cases were males and 14 were females. Nonvestibular cranial nerve schwannomas most commonly originated from trigeminal nerve followed by glossopharyngeal+/vagus nerve. There were three abducent nerve schwannomas that are very rare. There was no trochlear nerve schwannoma. Two glossopharyngeal+/vagus nerve schwannomas extended into the neck through jugular foramen and one extended into the upper cervical spinal canal. Involved nerve dysfunction was a common clinical feature except in trigeminal neurinomas where facial pain was a common feature. Aiming for no new neurodeficit, total resection of the tumor was done in 24 cases, and near-total resection or gross total resection or subtotal resection was done in 6 cases. Preoperative symptoms improved or disappeared in 25 cases. New persistent deficit occurred in 3 cases. Two patients died postoperatively. There was no recurrence of tumor till the last follow-up. Conclusion: Nonvestibular schwannomas are far less common, but curable benign lesions. Surgical approach to the skull base and craniovertebral junction is a often complex and lengthy procedure associated with chances of significant morbidity. But early diagnosis, proper investigations, and evaluation, along with appropriate decision making and surgical planning with microsurgical techniques are the essential factors that can result in optimum outcome.

scholarly journals The microsurgical anatomy of the glossopharyngeal nerve with respect to the jugular foramen lesions

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Faik Özveren ◽  
Uđur Türe
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Jugular Foramen ◽  
Glossopharyngeal Nerve ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Microsurgical Anatomy ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Related Area ◽  
Deep Layers ◽  
Lower Cranial Nerves

Removal of lesions involving the jugular foramen region requires detailed knowledge of the anatomy and anatomical landmarks of the related area, especially the lower cranial nerves. The glossopharyngeal nerve courses along the uppermost part of the jugular foramen and is well hidden in the deep layers of the neck, making this nerve is the most difficult one to identify during surgery. It may be involved in various pathological entities along its course. The glossopharyngeal nerve can also be compromised iatrogenically during the surgical treatment of such lesions. The authors define landmarks that can help identify this nerve during surgery and discuss the types of lesions that may involve each portion of the glossopharyngeal nerve.

scholarly journals Micro-neurosurgical excision of dumbbell shaped very large jugular foramen schwannoma

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-192
Author(s):  
Forhad H Chowdhury ◽  
Mohammod R Haque ◽  
Mahmudul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Cranial Nerve ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Carotid Bifurcation ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Jugular Foramen ◽  
Lower Cranial Nerve ◽  
Cranial Nerve Palsies ◽  
Cervical Approach ◽  
High Cervical

Introduction: Jugular foramen tumor is a rare tumor. Jugular foramen schwannoma is rarer. This type of tumor may present in combination of different cranial nerve palsies in the form of different syndromes or may also be diagnosed incidentally. Management of such tumor is not straight forward.Case reports: Two young male presented with headache, vomiting, gait instability, right sided hearing loss. Clinically they had different cranial nerves dysfunction. Imaging showed jugular foramen tumor extending from posterior fossa to almost common carotid bifurcation at neck in both cases. Near total microsurgical excisions of the tumor were done through retrosigmoid suboccipital plus transmastoid high cervical approach with facial nerve mobilization in one case and without mobilization in other case. In case 1 combination of lower cranial nerve palsies is unique with inclusion of VIII nerve and that does not belong to any of the jugular foramen syndromes (i.e. Vernet, Collet- Sicard, Villaret, Tapia, Schmidt, and Jackson). Here IX, X, XI, XII and VIII cranial palsies was present (i.e.Collet-Sicard syndrome plus VIII nerve syndrome!). In the second case there was IX & X dysfunction with VIII dysfunction. We also went through the short review of the literature here DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i2.12015 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(2): 183-192

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