Treatment of intracavernous and giant carotid aneurysms by combined internal carotid ligation and extra- to intracranial bypass

1980 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin R. Gelber ◽  
Thoralf M. Sundt
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bypass Procedure ◽  
Carotid Aneurysms ◽  
Base Of The Skull ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Field Defects

✓ Ten patients with intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms were managed by combining ICA ligation with an extracranial to intracranial bypass procedure. Nine of these grafts were proven patent by angiogram. One patient was unable to return for postoperative angiograms; his graft had appeared patent on physical examination. Seven aneurysms were intracavernous, two were giant carotid-ophthalmic aneurysms, and one aneurysm was at the intracranial bifurcation of the ICA. Despite occlusion cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements of 20 ml/100 gm/min or less in six patients, only one patient was unable to tolerate ICA ligation. Three patients developed transient aphasia, but there were no permanent neurological deficits associated with the carotid occlusion. Seven patients had improvement in pre-existing extraocular palsies or visual field defects. Others remained stable. The combination of an extracranial to intracranial microvascular bypass procedure with ICA ligation seems to be an effective method of treatment for aneurysms near the base of the skull that cannot be obliterated by a direct intracranial approach. The addition of the bypass procedure permits ICA ligation in patients who would not otherwise have tolerated occlusion of that vessel. Intraoperative xenon CBF measurements are an important adjunct to the operation.

Treatment of bilateral mycotic intracavernous carotid aneurysms

1982 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuneyoshi Eguchi ◽  
Tadayoshi Nakagomi ◽  
Akira Teraoka
Keyword(s):  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Superficial Temporal Artery ◽  
Temporal Artery ◽  
Systemic Blood Pressure ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Systemic Blood ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Carotid Aneurysms ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A case of bilateral mycotic intracavernous carotid aneurysms is reported. Because of progressive bilateral ophthalmoplegia, the internal carotid artery (ICA) was ligated on both sides, combined with bilateral extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass. A superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery anastomosis was performed first on the right side followed by ligation of the right ICA at the neck. After an interval of 20 days, a bypass and ICA ligation was carried out on the left side. The patient developed mild hemiparesis and dysphasia during and immediately after the second operation, but these neurological deficits disappeared after elevation of systemic blood pressure.

Endovascular occlusion of intracranial vessels for curative treatment of unclippable aneurysms: report of 16 cases

1991 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 694-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan E. Hodes ◽  
Armand Aymard ◽  
Y. Pierre Gobin ◽  
Daniel Rüfenacht ◽  
Siegfried Bien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Basilar Artery ◽  
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery ◽  
Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Parent Vessel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Among 121 intracerebral aneurysms presenting at one institution between 1984 and 1989, 16 were treated by endovascular means. All 16 lesions were intradural and intracranial, and had failed either surgical or endovascular attempts at selective exclusion with parent vessel preservation. The lesions included four giant middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms, one giant anterior communicating artery aneurysm, six giant posterior cerebral artery aneurysms, one posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm, one giant mid-basilar artery aneurysm, two giant fusiform basilar artery aneurysms, and one dissecting vertebral artery aneurysm. One of the 16 patients failed an MCA test occlusion and was approached surgically after attempted endovascular selective occlusion. Treatment involved pretreatment evaluation of cerebral blood flow followed by a preliminary parent vessel test occlusion under neuroleptic analgesia with vigilant neurological monitoring. If the test occlusion was tolerated, it was immediately followed by permanent occlusion of the parent vessel with either detachable or nondetachable balloon or coils. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 8 years. Excellent outcomes were obtained in 12 cases with complete angiographic obliteration of the aneurysm and no new neurological deficits and/or improvement of the pre-embolization symptoms. Four patients died: two related to the procedure, one secondary to rupture of another untreated aneurysm, and the fourth from a postoperative MCA thrombosis after having failed endovascular test occlusion. The angiographic, clinical, and cerebral blood flow criteria for occlusion tolerance are discussed.

Treatment of posttraumatic carotid-cavernous fistula using a detachable balloon catheter

1980 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 784-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Benati ◽  
Adriano Maschio ◽  
Stefano Perini ◽  
Alberto Beltramello
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Balloon Catheter ◽  
Carotid Cavernous Fistula ◽  
Detachable Balloon ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cavernous Fistula ◽  
Carotid Blood Flow ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Five cases of posttraumatic carotid-cavernous fistula are reported. The fistulas were occluded by intravascular detachable balloons, as described by Serbinenko and later modified by Debrun. The good results obtained in three of these patients illustrate the value of this procedure, as it allows a direct obliteration of the fistula with preservation of the internal carotid blood flow.

Experimental chronic compressive cervical myelopathy

1993 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ossama Al-Mefty ◽  
H. Louis Harkey ◽  
Isam Marawi ◽  
Duane E. Haines ◽  
Dudley F. Peeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Cervical Cord ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A canine model simulating both cervical spondylosis and its results in delayed progressive myelopathy is presented. This model allowed control of compression, an ongoing assessment of neurological deficits, and evaluation using diagnostic images, frequent electrophysiological tests, local blood flow measurements, and postmortem histological examinations. Subclinical cervical cord compression was achieved in 14 dogs by placing a Teflon washer posteriorly and a Teflon screw anteriorly, producing an average of 29% stenosis of the spinal canal. Four dogs undergoing sham operations were designated as controls. Twelve of the animals undergoing compression developed delayed and progressive clinical signs of myelopathy, with a mean latent period to onset of myelopathy of 7 months. Spinal cord blood flow studies using the hydrogen clearance method showed a significant transient increase in blood flow immediately after compression and a decrease before sacrifice. Somatosensory evoked potential studies indicated progressive deterioration during the period of compression. Magnetic resonance images revealed intramedullary changes. Histological studies showed abnormalities overwhelmingly within the gray matter, including changes in vascular morphology, loss of large motor neurons, necrosis, and cavitation. Axonal degeneration and obvious demyelination were rarely seen. The most profound morphological changes occurred at the site of greatest compression. It is proposed that a momentary arrest of microcirculation occurs during extension of the neck because of loss of the reserve space in the compromised spinal canal. This microcirculatory disturbance is predominant in the watershed area of the cord and mainly affects the highly vulnerable anterior horn cells, leading to neuronal death, necrosis, and eventual cavitation at the junction of the dorsal and anterior horns. Additional supportive evidence of this hypothesis was derived from the literature.

Resection of suprasellar tumors by using a modified transsphenoidal approach

2000 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1028-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua G. Kouri ◽  
Michael Y. Chen ◽  
Joseph C. Watson ◽  
Edward H. Oldfield
Keyword(s):  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Sella Turcica ◽  
Transsphenoidal Approach ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Posterior Portion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Suprasellar Region ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Generally accepted contraindications to using a transsphenoidal approach for resection of tumors that arise in or extend into the suprasellar region include a normal-sized sella turcica, normal pituitary function, and adherence of tumor to vital intracranial structures. Thus, the transsphenoidal approach has traditionally been restricted to the removal of tumors involving the pituitary fossa and, occasionally, to suprasellar extensions of such tumors if the sella is enlarged. However, conventional transcranial approaches to the suprasellar region require significant brain retraction and offer limited visualization of contralateral tumor extension and the interface between the tumor and adjacent structures, such as the hypothalamus, third ventricle, optic apparatus, and major arteries. In this paper the authors describe successful removal of suprasellar tumors by using a modified transsphenoidal approach that circumvents some of the traditional contraindications to transsphenoidal surgery, while avoiding some of the disadvantages of transcranial surgery.Four patients harbored tumors (two craniopharyngiomas and two hemangioblastomas) that arose in the suprasellar region and were located either entirely (three patients) or primarily (one patient) within the suprasellar space. All patients had a normal-sized sella turcica. Preoperatively, three of the four patients had significant endocrinological deficits signifying involvement of the hypothalamus, pituitary stalk, or pituitary gland. Two patients exhibited preoperative visual field defects. For tumor excision, a recently described modification of the traditional transsphenoidal approach was used. Using this modification, one removes the posterior portion of the planum sphenoidale, allowing access to the suprasellar region. Total resection of tumor was achieved (including absence of residual tumor on follow-up imaging) in three of the four patients. In the remaining patient, total removal was not possible because of adherence of tumor to the hypothalamus and midbrain. One postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak occurred. Postoperative endocrinological function was worse than preoperative function in one patient. No other new postoperative endocrinological or neurological deficits were encountered.This study demonstrates the feasibility of using a modified transsphenoidal approach for resection of certain suprasellar, nonpituitary tumors.

Complex visual hallucinations (Charles Bonnet syndrome) in visual field defects following cerebral surgery

2004 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 846-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Freiman ◽  
Rainer Surges ◽  
Vassilios I. Vougioukas ◽  
Ulrich Hubbe ◽  
Jochen Talazko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Hallucination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Visual Hallucinations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Charles Bonnet Syndrome ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Field Defects

✓ The development of visual hallucinations after loss of vision is known as the Charles Bonnet syndrome. This phenomenon was first described in 1760 by Charles Bonnet and others during their observations of elderly patients with degeneration of the retina or cornea. To date a clear association between visual hallucinations and neurosurgical procedures has not been reported. Because of their clear demarcation, however, surgical lesions in the cerebrum offer a unique opportunity to determine the pathoanatomical aspects of visual hallucinations. During a 3-year period, 41 consecutive patients who acquired visual field defects after neurosurgery were examined for the occurrence of visual hallucination. Postoperatively, four of these patients experienced visual hallucinations. In two of them an upper quadrantanopia developed after the patients had undergone selective amygdalohippocampectomy. In the other two patients a complete hemianopia developed, in one case after resection of a parietal astrocytoma and in the other after resection of an occipital glioblastoma multiforme. The visual hallucinations were transient and gradually disappeared between 4 days and 6 months postoperatively. The patients were aware of the fact that their hallucinations were fictitious and displayed no psychosis. Electroencephalographic recordings were obtained in only two patients and epileptic discharges were found. Deafferentiation of cortical association areas may lead to the spontaneous generation of complex visual phenomena. In the present series this phenomenon occurred in approximately 10% of patients with postoperative visual field defects. In all four cases the central optic radiation was damaged between the lateral geniculate nucleus and the primary visual cortex. The complex nature of the visual hallucination indicates that they were generated in visual association areas.

Cervical-to-petrous internal carotid artery bypass procedure

1993 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Robert F. Spetzler ◽  
Jeffrey L. Ballard ◽  
Richard S. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bypass Procedure ◽  
Vein Bypass ◽  
High Cervical ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The technique for cervical-to-petrous internal carotid artery saphenous vein bypass is described. This procedure was used in the treatment of three patients with high cervical or skull base vascular injuries. All grafts were patent on follow-up angiography.

The effect of intracarotid infusion of dexamethasone and 5-hydroxytryptamine on cerebral blood flow and metabolism in baboons

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. David Mendelow ◽  
Benjamin H. Eidelman ◽  
Thomas A. McCalden
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Cerebral Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Xenon 133 ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Clearance Technique

✓ The effect of intracarotid infusion of dexamethasone on cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen utilization was measured in baboons using the xenon-133 clearance technique. The cerebrovascular response to intracarotid infusion of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was then determined during simultaneous infusion of the steroid. Infusion of dexamethasone alone and infusion with 5-HT produced no significant change in cerebral blood flow or cerebral oxygen utilization when compared to baseline values. The study indicates that neither dexamethasone nor 5-HT with dexamethasone modify cerebral blood flow when infused via the internal carotid artery.

Saphenous vein graft bypass of the cavernous internal carotid artery

1990 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laligam N. Sekhar ◽  
Chandra N. Sen ◽  
Hae Dong Jho
Keyword(s):  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Vein Graft ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Saphenous Vein Graft ◽  
Balloon Occlusion ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Occlusion Test ◽  
Balloon Occlusion Test ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Saphenous vein graft reconstruction was performed from the petrous to the supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA) to replace the cavernous ICA in six patients during direct intracavernous operations. Four of these patients had intracavernous neoplasms with invasion of the ICA and two had intracavernous ICA aneurysms that could not be clipped or occluded with intraluminal balloons. All but one patient had evidence of poor collateral flow reserve in a balloon occlusion test of the ICA. The superficial temporal artery was not present in four patients, was minuscule in one, and was damaged during the initial dissection in another, making it unsuitable for superficial temporal-to-middle cerebral artery branch anastomosis. Blood flow within the graft could not be established intraoperatively in one patient (who had excellent collateral circulation) due to the small size of the vein (3 mm). In all others, the grafts were patent on follow-up arteriography and transcranial Doppler studies. Three patients who had severe reduction of cerebral blood flow during test occlusion of the ICA exhibited temporary hemispheric neurological deficits postoperatively; the deficits were related to the duration of temporary ICA occlusion. All three recovered completely without evidence of infarction on computerized tomography (CT). One patient who clinically could not tolerate the balloon occlusion test of the ICA also had temporary neurological deficits with good recovery but showed evidence of border-zone infarction on CT scans. The present role of saphenous vein graft bypass of the cavernous ICA is discussed.

Intracavitary brachytherapy of cystic craniopharyngiomas

1992 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Herbert van den Berge ◽  
Gerhard Blaauw ◽  
Wout A. P. Breeman ◽  
Ali Rahmy ◽  
Rinia Wijngaarde
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Cyst Formation ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Intracavitary Brachytherapy ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Field Defects

✓ Visual function, endocrinological status, and radiological outcome are reported in 31 patients harboring a cystic craniopharyngioma, who underwent 35 intracavitary brachytherapy procedures with yttrium-90. In 26 of these patients intracavitary brachytherapy was the primary treatment. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 80 months (41 ± 22 months, mean ± standard deviation). Five patients died from tumor-related causes. Endocrine recovery was modest. Prior to brachytherapy, visual acuity was diminished in 38 eyes and field defects were present in 46. Funduscopy before treatment revealed optic atrophy in 47% of the eyes. Visual acuity improved in 29% of the eyes studied, remained stable in 13%, and deteriorated in 58%. Visual field defects improved in 28% of the eyes studied, remained stable in 20%, and deteriorated in 52%. The possible causes for deterioration in visual function are discussed. Complete resolution of 10 cysts was noted. In 12 patients the size of the cyst decreased; however, in three of these patients new cyst formation took place. The cyst size stabilized in six cases and increased in three. Although there is still a substantial degree of visual function deterioration following intracavitary brachytherapy, morbidity is otherwise low, making this treatment modality a reasonable alternative to craniotomy.

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