Parenchymal cerebrospinal fluid extravasation as a complication of computerized tomography

1980 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold L. Rekate
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Ventricular Catheter ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fluid Extravasation ◽  
Computerized Tomographic Study ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A case is presented in which neurological deterioration occurred during a computerized tomographic study. Total hemispheric dysfunction was seen in a patient with a postoperative suboccipital pseudomeningocele, whose head was wrapped in a compressive water bag. Cerebrospinal fluid was forced under pressure into the parenchyma of the right hemisphere, around a ventricular catheter. The neurological dysfunction resolved promptly with shunting.

Acute subdural hematoma

1982 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry A. Shenkin
Keyword(s):  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Acute Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Subdural Hematomas ◽  
Fine Print

✓ In a consecutive series of 39 cases of acute subdural hematoma (SDH), encountered since computerized tomography diagnosis became available, 61.5% were found to be the result of bleeding from a small cortical artery, 25.6% were of venous origin, 7.7% resulted from cerebral contusions, and 5% were acute bleeds into chronic subdural hematomas. Craniotomy was performed promptly on admission, but there was no difference in survival (overall 51.3%) between patients with arterial and venous bleeds. The only apparent factor affecting survival in this series was the preoperative neurological status: 67% of patients who were decerebrate and had fixed pupils prior to operation died. Of patients with less severe neurological dysfunction, only 20% failed to survive.

Age-related changes in the proportion of intracranial cerebrospinal fluid space measured using volumetric computerized tomography scanning

2002 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Wanifuchi ◽  
Takashi Shimizu ◽  
Takashi Maruyama
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Volume Measurement ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Age Related Changes

Object. The purpose of this study was to establish a standard curve to demonstrate normal age-related changes in the proportion of intracranial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space in intracranial volume (ICV) during each decade of life. Methods. Using volumetric computerized tomography (CT) scanning and computer-guided volume measurement software, ICV and cerebral parenchymal volume (CPV) for each decade of life were measured and the intracranial CSF ratio was calculated by the following formula: percentage of CSF = (ICV − CPV)/ICV × 100%. The standard curve for age-related changes in normal percentages of intracranial CSF was obtained. Conclusions. Based on this standard curve, the percentage of intracranial CSF rapidly increased after the sixth decade, seeming to reflect the brain atrophy that accompanies increased age.

The right hemisphere: neuropsychological functions

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Heilman ◽  
Dawn Bowers ◽  
Edward Valenstein ◽  
Robert T. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Right Hemisphere Damage ◽  
Right Hemisphere Dysfunction ◽  
Neuropsychological Functions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fine Print

✓ In the past two to three decades, clinicians and neuroscientists have been studying the functions of the right hemisphere. Neither hemisphere seems to be dominant in the absolute sense. Each appears to be specialized and is dominant for different functions. However, most functions require the cooperation of both hemispheres. When one is damaged, the other can often compensate for the damaged one. Lesions of the left hemisphere are associated with language (speech, reading, and writing) and praxic disorders, and lesions of the right hemisphere can result in visuospatial, attentional, and emotional disorders. The authors review some of the major behavioral disorders associated with right hemisphere dysfunction and concentrate on three major types of disorders — visuospatial, attentional, and emotional. Although not all the behavioral defects associated with right hemisphere damage can be subgrouped under these three types, they are the ones most often associated with right hemisphere lesions.

Management of proximal shunt obstruction

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 817-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles C. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Ventricular Catheter ◽  
Shunt Failure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow ◽  
Shunt Obstruction ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Proximal shunt obstruction or obstruction of the ventricular catheter may present with signs and symptoms of shunt failure with either no cerebrospinal fluid flow or a falsely low intracranial pressure (ICP) upon shunt tap. The author reports a technique for lowering the ICP and for measuring the pressure in patients with such obstruction by cannulation of the reservoir and ventricular catheter to penetrate into the ventricle with a 3½-in. No. 22 spinal needle. The findings in 20 cases in which this approach was utilized are summarized.

Computerized tomography and pathological correlation in cystic meningiomas

1979 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Becker ◽  
David Norman ◽  
Charles B. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pathological Correlation ◽  
Subarachnoid Spaces ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Cystic Meningiomas

✓ Meningiomas have been reported to have associated areas of surrounding low density on computerized tomography (CT). These low-density areas may represent edema, widened subarachnoid spaces, loculated cerebrospinal fluid, demyelination, or adjacent tumor. Two cases are presented in which this adjacent area of low density represented a tumor cyst. Recognition is important as the CT appearance of these lesions may simulate a metastatic tumor.

Cerebral chromoblastomycosis complicated by meningitis and multiple fungal aneurysms after resection of a granuloma

1983 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Shimosaka ◽  
Shiro Waga
Keyword(s):  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Histological Diagnosis ◽  
Frontal Region ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intracranial Lesion ◽  
Postoperative Course ◽  
The Right ◽  
Avascular Tumor ◽  
Irregular Mass ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Cerebral chromoblastomycosis is a rare intracranial lesion. This lesion was found in a 23-year-old man, who presented with right proptosis and fainting attacks. Computerized tomography revealed a moderately enhanced irregular mass in the right frontal region. Angiography disclosed that the mass was avascular. At surgery, a hard elastic avascular tumor was totally removed piecemeal. Histological diagnosis was a granuloma of fungal origin. Characteristic brown pigments in the hyphae of fungus in the granuloma strongly suggested that the fungus was chromoblastomycosis. The postoperative course was complicated by meningitis and rupture of fungal aneurysms. The patient remained vegetative and died 2½ years later. The literature on such fungal aneurysms is briefly reviewed; no previous case of fungal aneurysms associated with cerebral chromoblastomycosis could be found.

Index for optimum ventricular catheter length

1991 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-153
Author(s):  
Semih İ. Keskil ◽  
Necdet Çeviker ◽  
Kemali Baykaner ◽  
Hizir Alp
Keyword(s):  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Intraoperative Ultrasound ◽  
Ventricular Catheter ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Optimum Length ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Tomography Scan ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The optimum length of a ventricular catheter to be placed in a particular patient may be difficult to determine when either intraoperative ultrasound is not available or considerable time has elapsed between the diagnostic computerized tomography scan and the operation. An index for estimating ventricular length based on the head circumference of the individual is described. This method was tested clinically and proved to be successful.

Benign enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces in the infant

1981 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura R. Ment ◽  
Charles C. Duncan ◽  
Robert Geehr
Keyword(s):  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Ventricular Size ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Subarachnoid Spaces ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors report 18 infants with benign enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces seen at their institution during a 1-year time interval. This condition is characterized by the computerized tomography findings of dilatation of the subarachnoid spaces, normal or slightly enlarged ventricular size, and prominence of the basilar cisterns. Most cases were found in children referred for the evaluation of abnormally increasing head circumference measurements. Although it was not possible to document the development, and, in several cases, improvement of this process, in these patients enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces was a benign diagnosis, not associated with serious neurological dysfunction.

Cerebrospinal fluid edema: a rare complication of shunt operations for hydrocephalus

1982 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Chiba ◽  
Hiroshi Takagi ◽  
Fumoto Nakajima ◽  
Satoshi Fujii ◽  
Takao Kitahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Shunt Revision ◽  
Ventricular Catheter ◽  
Shunt Operation ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Low Density Area ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Three cases are presented in which a rare complication occurred after a shunt operation for hydrocephalus. On postoperative computerized tomography (CT) scans, extensive low-density areas appeared in the white matter along the ventricular catheter. After shunt revision, gradual resolution or disappearance of the low-density area was clearly demonstrated on CT. In one patient, a collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was confirmed at operation and appeared to lie in the extracellular spaces of the white matter. The phenomenon is considered to be localized CSF edema, different from porencephaly.

Association between cerebrospinal fluid levels of asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine, an endogenous inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and cerebral vasospasm in a primate model of subarachnoid hemorrhage

2004 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 836-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla S. Jung ◽  
Brian A. Iuliano ◽  
Judith Harvey-White ◽  
Michael G. Espey ◽  
Edward H. Oldfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cerebral Vasospasm ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels ◽  
Delayed Cerebral Vasospasm ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fluid Levels ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Decreased availability of nitric oxide (NO) has been proposed to evoke delayed cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Asymmetric dimethyl-l-arginine (ADMA) inhibits endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and, therefore, may be responsible for decreased NO availability in cases of cerebral vasospasm. The goal of this study was to determine whether ADMA levels are associated with cerebral vasospasm in a primate model of SAH. Methods. Twenty-two cynomolgus monkeys (six control animals and 16 with SAH) were used in this study. The levels of ADMA, l-arginine, l-citrulline, nitrites, and nitrates in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum were determined on Days 0, 7, 14, and 21 following onset of SAH. Cerebral arteriography was performed to assess the degree of vasospasm. Western blot analyses of the right and left middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) were performed to assess the expression of eNOS, type I protein—arginine methyl transferase (PRMT1) and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH2). Cerebrospinal fluid levels of ADMA remained unchanged in the control group (six animals) and in animals with SAH that did not have vasospasm (five animals; p = 0.17), but the levels increased in animals with vasospasm (11 animals) on Day 7 post-SAH (p < 0.01) and decreased on Days 14 through 21 (p < 0.05). Cerebrospinal fluid levels of ADMA correlated directly with the degree of vasospasm (correlation coefficient = 0.7, p = 0.0001; 95% confidence interval: 0.43–0.83). Levels of nitrite and nitrate as well as those of l-citrulline in CSF were decreased in animals with vasospasm. Furthermore, DDAH2 expression was attenuated in the right spastic MCA on Day 7 post-SAH, whereas eNOS and PRMT1 expression remained unchanged. Conclusions. Changes in the CSF levels of ADMA are associated with the development and resolution of vasospasm found on arteriograms after SAH. The results indicate that endogenous inhibition of eNOS by ADMA may be involved in the development of delayed cerebral vasospasm. Inhibition of ADMA production may provide a new therapeutic approach for cerebral vasospasm after SAH.

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