Heparin reduces proliferative angiopathy following subarachnoid hemorrhage in cats

1985 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Kapp ◽  
Ben R. Clower ◽  
Frederick M. Azar ◽  
Nobuyoshi Yabuno ◽  
Robert R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Platelet Derived Growth Factor ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was produced in cats by transorbital rupture of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA). In untreated cats, widespread proliferative angiopathy occurred in both MCA's by 16 days after SAH. In cats that received systemic heparin, the pathological events following SAH were clearly reduced in the ruptured artery, and were not present in the contralateral left MCA. Platelets are known to adhere to the subintimal surface of cerebral arteries after SAH. The authors suggest that platelet-derived growth factor released from the intimal platelet carpet following SAH may be the stimulus for the development of proliferative angiopathy, and that this platelet factor is inhibited by heparin.

Surgical manipulation of primate cerebral arteries in established vasospasm

1991 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Max Findlay ◽  
R. Loch Macdonald ◽  
Bryce K. A. Weir ◽  
Michael G. A. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Circle Of Willis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Right ◽  
Surgical Manipulation ◽  
Fine Print

✓ It is generally believed that surgery in the face of angiographic vasospasm is dangerous due to an increased incidence of postoperative cerebral ischemia. One theory is that arterial narrowing is exacerbated by surgical manipulation of vasospastic vessels during aneurysm dissection and clipping. This theory was tested in a primate model of cerebral vasospasm and the results reported. Six monkeys underwent baseline cerebral angiography, followed by induction of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) on both sides of the circle of Willis. An equal amount of fresh autologous blood clot was placed around each internal carotid, anterior cerebral, and middle cerebral artery. Six days later, angiography was repeated and the right craniectomy was reopened for clot evacuation and surgical manipulation of the right cerebral arteries, including placement of a temporary aneurysm clip on the right middle cerebral artery. The left cerebral arteries were not exposed or manipulated, and served as controls. Twenty-four hours later angiography was repeated, then the animals were killed. Equal and significant vasospasm (> 40% reduction in vessel caliber compared to baseline, p < 0.05) was seen in the middle cerebral arteries on both sides of the circle of Willis in all animals 6 and 7 days after SAH. There was no significant change in the severity of vasospasm on Day 7 compared with Day 6 in the right cerebral arteries. Increased risk of postoperative cerebral ischemia for surgery in the peak vasospasm period may be due to mechanisms other than increased arterial narrowing precipitated by surgical manipulation.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to ruptured aneurysms in infants

1978 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 898-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall L. Grode ◽  
Myles Saunders ◽  
Charles A. Carton
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ruptured Aneurysms ◽  
Detailed Case ◽  
Subarachnoid Bleeding ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysms ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Two infants with subarachnoid bleeding from middle cerebral artery aneurysms are presented, with detailed case histories.

Bilateral innervation of the cerebral arteries by the superior cervical ganglion in cats

1980 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Marín ◽  
Mercedes Salaices ◽  
Fernando Rivilla ◽  
Javier Burgos ◽  
Emilio J. Marco
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Anterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Contractile Response ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The effect of removal of the left superior cervical ganglion on the contractile response to norepinephrine (NE) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) was studied in isolated segments of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and posterior communicating artery (PCoA) of the cat. Fifteen days after the excision, each dose of NE elicited a potentiated response in both the MCA and the PCoA, whichever side they originated. By contrast, 5-HT induced enhanced vasoconstriction at each dose only in the MCA and PCoA from the left side. When segments of MCA and PCoA from the right side were challenged against 5-HT, a significantly increased response was found only at the first three doses. On the other hand, the NE content of pools made of MCA, PCoA, and anterior cerebral artery from each side was reduced to the same level on both sides after ganglion removal. These results indicate that the excised superior cervical ganglion innervated the MCA and PCoA from both sides of the circle of Willis.

Traumatic occlusion of the middle cerebral artery

1973 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 753-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Loar ◽  
William M. Chadduck ◽  
G. Robert Nugent
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Complete Occlusion ◽  
Motorcycle Accident ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A case is reported of a patient rendered unconscious in a motorcycle accident. After a 6-hour lucid interval, he became unconscious again, and a left hemiplegia was noted. Arteriography demonstrated complete occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery. Comparable reported cases and theories of pathogenesis are discussed.

Loss of nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in cerebral vasospasm

1996 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 648-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard M. Pluta ◽  
B. Gregory Thompson ◽  
Ted M. Dawson ◽  
Solomon H. Snyder ◽  
Robert J. Boock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Cerebral Vasospasm ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Right ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Fine Print

✓ To determine the distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the primate cerebral artery nervi vasorum and to examine the potential role of NOS in cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in primates, the distribution of NOS immunoreactivity (NOS-IR) in the major cerebral arteries was examined immunohistochemically in cynomolgus monkeys by the use of whole, mounted preparations of the circle of Willis. In four normal monkeys, NOS-IR was localized to the endothelial and adventitial layers of the large cerebral arteries. On the abluminal side, NOS-IR staining was densely concentrated in perivascular nerve fibers (nervi vasorum) of the anterior circulation. Staining was less prominent in the posterior circulation. In six monkeys with vasospasm on Day 7 after placement of preclotted arterial blood to form an SAH around the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) (42% ± 8.3% decrease of MCA area, mean ± standard deviation), NOS-IR was virtually absent in nerve fibers around the spastic right MCA but was normal on the contralateral side. In five monkeys in which vasospasm resolved by Day 14 after SAH (36% ± 14% decrease of right MCA area on Day 7, and 5% ± 14% decrease on Day 14), NOS-IR was also absent in the right MCA adventitial nerve fibers and remained normal in the left MCA. Adventitial NOS-IR was also normal in cerebral vessels of a sham-operated, nonspastic monkey. These findings provide further evidence that nitric oxide (NO) functions as a neuronal transmitter to mediate vasodilation in primates and indicate a role for adventitial NO in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm after SAH in humans.

Giant aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery containing an important blood channel

1972 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Terao ◽  
Isao Muraoka
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Giant Aneurysm ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fine Print

✓ An enormous globoid aneurysm arising from the right middle cerebral artery is reported. A functioning blood channel ran through the laminated thrombus within the aneurysm, and operative injury to this blood channel caused serious cerebral infarction.

Cerebral dissecting aneurysm and intimal fibroelastic thickening of cerebral arteries

1982 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiko Mizutani ◽  
Herbert I. Goldberg ◽  
Justin Parr ◽  
Clive Harper ◽  
Carson J. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Dissecting Aneurysm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Left Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Left Middle ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A 19-year-old white man developed aphasia and right hemiplegia after several falls while waterskiing. Cerebral angiography displayed a ripple appearance and a “string of beads” sign along the left middle cerebral artery, with occlusion or stenosis of most of its branches. The patient died after 6 days, of transtentorial herniation due to massive left cerebral infarction. At necropsy, the infarct was found to be due to a subintimal dissecting aneurysm of the left middle cerebral artery. Multifocal areas of intimal fibroelastic thickening (IFT) were found not only at the site of dissection, but also in the other cerebral arteries, most prominent at the bifurcations of the vessels. A systematic study of cerebral arteries performed in six control cases revealed that IFT was present in a similar distribution to that seen in the patient described. However, the degree of IFT in this patient was greater than in the controls. Some individuals with excessive IFT may be more susceptible to cerebral dissecting aneurysm under a variety of stresses, especially trauma.

Middle cerebral artery embolectomy

1976 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddy Garrido ◽  
Bennett M. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Neurological Condition ◽  
Surgical Microscope ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A patient who developed an embolic occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery while undergoing a cerebral arteriogram was successfully operated on by removal of the embolus under the surgical microscope. Early postoperative cerebrovascular spasm was a factor in the transient deterioration of the patient's neurological condition. When the patient was last seen 2 ½ months after surgery she was almost intact neurologically with only a mild right parietal dysfunction but with total resolution of the left hemiplegia. The literature is reviewed.

MRI demonstration of clot in a small unruptured aneurysm causing stroke

1986 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore W. Eller
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Unruptured Aneurysm ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The case is reported of a 69-year-old woman with an 18-mm unruptured aneurysm of the right middle cerebral artery which caused a moderate stroke. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a clot inside the aneurysm that was not visible on computerized tomography scans. The danger of embolism from the clot prompted clipping of the aneurysm.

Dissecting aneurysm of the cerebral arteries

1980 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey Grosman ◽  
Victor L. Fornasier ◽  
David Bonder ◽  
Kenneth E. Livingston ◽  
Marjorie E. Platts
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Dissecting Aneurysm ◽  
Left Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Left Middle ◽  
Angiographic Findings ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A spontaneous dissecting aneurysm of the left middle cerebral artery with extension into its major branches is reported in a 23-year-old man. The characteristic pathological and angiographic findings are demonstrated, including the rarely documented progression of this lesion. The etiological factors, the early recognition by the neuroradiologist, and the possibility of immediate treatment are briefly discussed in this report.

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