Motorcycle Accident Reconstruction

Accident reconstruction utilizes principles of physics and empirical data to analyze the physical, electronic, video, audio, and testimonial evidence from a crash, to determine how and why the crash occurred, how the crash could have been avoided, or to determine whose description of the crash is most accurate. This process draws together aspects of mathematics, physics, engineering, materials science, human factors, and psychology, and combines analytical models with empirical test data. Different types of crashes produce different types of evidence and call for different analysis methods. Still, the basic philosophical approach of the reconstructionist is the same from crash type to crash type, as are the physical principles that are brought to bear on the analysis. This book covers a basic approach to accident reconstruction, including the underlying physical principles that are used, then details how this approach and the principles are applied when reconstructing motorcycle crashes. This second edition of Motorcycle Accident Reconstruction presents a thorough, systematic, and scientific overview of the available methods for reconstructing motorcycle crashes. This new edition contains: Additional theoretical models, examples, case studies, and test data. An updated bibliography incorporating the newest studies in the field. Expanded coverage of the braking capabilities of motorcyclists. Updated, refined, and expanded discussion of the decelerations of motorcycles sliding on the ground. A thoroughly rewritten and expanded discussion of motorcycle impacts with passenger vehicles. Updated coefficients of restitution for collisions between motorcycles and cars. A new and expanded discussion of using passenger car EDR data in motorcycle accident reconstruction. A new section covering recently published research on post-collision frozen speedometer readings on motorcycles. A new section on motorcycle interactions with potholes, roadway deterioration, and debris and expanded coverage of motorcycle falls. This second edition of Motorcycle Accident Reconstruction is a must-have title for accident reconstructionists, forensic engineers, and all interested in understanding why and how motorcycle crashes occur.

Lung Transplantation following Emergency Pneumonectomy in a Polytraumatized 18-Year-Old

Introduction. On rare occasions, a pneumonectomy needs to be performed after a severe polytrauma. Statistically, this procedure increases the mortality rate to 50%. One option to reduce this high rate could be an organ transplantation if a matching organ can be found. However, the current literature lacks any documentation of such a case. One reason for this stems from the fact that regulations for organ transplantation are very restricted and rarely allow exceptions. In addition, the chance for survival of polytraumatized patients in need of organs in the acute phase of the therapy is often quite unsure. Case Presentation. In this paper, we present the case of an 18-year-old patient who was involved in a serious motorcycle accident. His injury severity score was 29, but he suffered from severe bleeding in his lung which made a pneumonectomy necessary. The procedure led to a severe deterioration of his overall condition. An ECMO therapy was initiated, which effectively only slowed the aggravation. Therefore, he was transferred to our clinic where he was stabilized temporarily. A few days later, his situation turned worse. Since he had no other chance of survival, he was scheduled for a lung transplantation and was assigned an organ. After the transplantation, he stabilized quickly and recovered almost completely. Discussion. In this report, we want to show that an exception to the rules for organ transplantation might make sense on rare occasions. However, to increase the chance for any success, patients must be transferred to highly specialized clinics capable of treating patients with severe conditions. This might be the only chance for those patients to survive.

Rare case of traumatic bilateral testicular dislocation

Bilateral traumatic testicular dislocation is an uncommon condition and usually occurs after a direct impact on the scrotum. Herein, we report this as a rare case of a 21-year-old man presenting with bilateral traumatic dislocation of testes into the inguinal canal following a motorcycle accident. Imaging studies ruled out any other associated injuries. The patient underwent bilateral orchidopexy without any further complications.

Incidence and Outcomes of Acute Lung Injury in Patients With Isolated Traumatic Brain Injury

Background and Aim: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is an essential cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. TBI patients frequently encounter lung complications, such as Acute Lung Injury (ALI) and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), which is associated with poor clinical outcome because hypoxia causes additional injury to the brain. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of ALI in patients with TBI and its consequences. Methods and Materials/Patients: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, data from all records of patients admitted to Poursina Hospital’s ICU (emergency and neurosurgery ICU) in 20 18-2019 were used. The evaluated data included age, gender, type of head trauma mechanism, kind of brain injury based on CT scan findings, the severity of brain injury based on Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), underlying diseases, mean head AIS score, the number of pack cell units injected, as well as bilateral pulmonary infiltration in favor of ALI and brain injury. Results: Only 81 of the 557 TBI cases met the inclusion criteria of the present study. The highest frequency of ALI following TBI was observed on the first day of hospitalization, in men (0.41%) in the age group of 40-50 years (7%) with severe brain damage (6%) and subdural hematoma (12%), following a motorcycle accident, cars, as well as on the third day of hospitalization were seen in men (43.8%) with the age group of 20-30 years (55%) with severe brain damage (42%) and intra-parenchymal bleeding (57%), following a motorcycle accident. In addition, no significant correlation was detected between the incidence of ALI and mortality, the duration of hospitalization, GCS, mean head AIS score, or the extent of received blood units in our study. Conclusion: According to the obtained findings, men aged between 20 and 30 years with severe cerebral injury, epidural hematoma and a motorcycle accident presented the highest rate of progression toward ALI in the first to third days of hospitalization.

Tracing Ocular Conditions in 15,921 Interwar Refugees, Veria, Greece (1926-1940)

<p class="Default"><strong><span>Objective. </span></strong><span>This historical epidemiological study aims to investigate ocular conditions in Greek refugees during the Interwar pe­riod (1926-1940) in the region of Imathia, Greece. </span></p><p class="Default"><strong><span>Materials and Methods. </span></strong><span>The archival material encompasses 15,921 patients who were admitted to the Refugee Hospital of Veria, Imathia, Greece. Descriptive statistics were estimated. </span></p><p class="Default"><strong><span>Results. </span></strong><span>Twenty-two cases of ocular conditions were identified. Ten patients had anterior segment conditions, such as keratitis, blepharoconjunctivi­tis, conjunctivitis, epithelioma, leukoma and an operated cataract. Another patient was diagnosed with ocular trachoma. Four patients presented sympathetic ophthalmia; two additional patients suffered from ophthalmia due to syphilis. One patient was diagnosed with ocular malaria. Four cases of ocular traumas were recorded, among which an ocular burn due to gunpowder, a motorcycle accident leading to a retro-ocular hematoma, and a kick in the eye resulting in ocular trauma were notable. </span></p><p class="Default"><strong><span>Conclu­sion. </span></strong><span>The disease spectrum in Greek refugees reflects the adverse conditions during the Interwar era.</span></p>

Dentoalveolar fractures with mild head injury

Background: Trauma and injury to teeth and their supporting tissues often occur in cases of oromaxillofacial trauma. Oromaxillofacial trauma is found in 15% of all emergencies, with dentoalveolar trauma involvement in 2% of these cases. Objective: Management of dentoalveolar fractures with minor head injuries. Case: A 53-year-old man, traumatized by a single motorcycle accident and hit by a wooden board with his face hit first. The patient was unconscious shortly after the accident, then complained of pain in the lower lip and gums, teeth 11, 21 avulsed, 12, 22, 31, 21, 41, 42 mobile, and headache. Management: The inspection and handling of the airway was not carried out because it had been previously handled at Puskesmas. The patient was consulted on the Neurosurgery Department for a history of loss of consciousness, then under general anesthesia, definitive care was performed by attaching the eyelet splint to fix the anterior maxillary teeth, and fixation with Erich arch bar for the lower anterior teeth. Conclusion: Interdental wiring is an intraoperative fixation technique for dentoalveolar trauma, accompanied by eyelet splint and Erich arch bar. Patients with head trauma should be consulted to a neurosurgeon before definitive measures are taken.