scholarly journals Lichen Growth on Supraglacial Debris and its Implications for Lichenometric Studies

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (82) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel J. Griffey
Keyword(s):  
Glacial Deposits ◽  
Southern Norway ◽  
Past Conditions ◽  
Lichen Growth

AbstractLichens were found growing on some of the supraglacial debris of six small, active, retreating valley glaciers in southern Norway. The circumstances permitting their growth are discussed, as is the possibility of their surviving pro-glacial deposition under current and past conditions. Their occurrence does not appear to present a problem to careful lichenometric surveys of Holocene glacial and fluvio-glacial deposits.

scholarly journals Lichen Growth on an Active Medial Moraine, Jotunheimen, Norway

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (65) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Rhizocarpon Geographicum ◽  
Southern Norway ◽  
Lichen Growth

AbstractAbundant specimens of lichens, includingRhizocarpon geographicum, are reported from an active medial moraine on Storbreen, southern Norway. The size and distribution of two crustose and two foliose species are described. Inferences are made regarding the age, origin and population dynamics of the lichens. Some implications of the observations for lichenometric dating and use of lichens as indicators of moraine stability are discussed.

scholarly journals Lichen Growth on an Active Medial Moraine, Jotunheimen, Norway

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (65) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Rhizocarpon Geographicum ◽  
Southern Norway ◽  
Lichen Growth

AbstractAbundant specimens of lichens, includingRhizocarpon geographicum, are reported from an active medial moraine on Storbreen, southern Norway. The size and distribution of two crustose and two foliose species are described. Inferences are made regarding the age, origin and population dynamics of the lichens. Some implications of the observations for lichenometric dating and use of lichens as indicators of moraine stability are discussed.

Structure and dynamics of a high mountain wetland bird community in southern Norway: An 18-year study of waders and gulls

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (0) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eivind Østbye ◽  
Olav Hogstad ◽  
Kjartan Østbye ◽  
Leif Lien ◽  
Erik Framstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bird Community ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Southern Norway

Improving Runoff Simulations using Satellite-observed Time-series of Snow Covered Area

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.V. Engeset ◽  
H-C. Udnæs ◽  
T. Guneriussen ◽  
H. Koren ◽  
E. Malnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Radar Sensors ◽  
Noaa Avhrr ◽  
Runoff Forecasting ◽  
Snow Covered Area ◽  
Covered Area ◽  
Satellite Sensors ◽  
Major Floods ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Southern Norway

Snowmelt can be a significant contributor to major floods, and hence updated snow information is very important to flood forecasting services. This study assesses whether operational runoff simulations could be improved by applying satellite-derived snow covered area (SCA) from both optical and radar sensors. Currently the HBV model is used for runoff forecasting in Norway, and satellite-observed SCA is used qualitatively but not directly in the model. Three catchments in southern Norway are studied using data from 1995 to 2002. The results show that satellite-observed SCA can be used to detect when the models do not simulate the snow reservoir correctly. Detecting errors early in the snowmelt season will help the forecasting services to update and correct the models before possible damaging floods. The method requires model calibration against SCA as well as runoff. Time-series from the satellite sensors NOAA AVHRR and ERS SAR are used. Of these, AVHRR shows good correlation with the simulated SCA, and SAR less so. Comparison of simultaneous data from AVHRR, SAR and Landsat ETM+ for May 2000 shows good inter-correlation. Of a total satellite-observed area of 1,088 km2, AVHRR observed a SCA of 823 km2 and SAR 720 km2, as compared to 889 km2 using ETM+.

Temperature and Flow Conditions in a Reservoir with a Submerged Outlet Tunnel During the Winter Period

1986 ◽  
Vol 17 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 399-406
Author(s):  
Arve M. Tvede
Keyword(s):  
Strong Influence ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Circulation Pattern ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Southern Norway ◽  
Tunnel Depth

The reservoir Sundsbarmvatn, in Southern Norway, is used for electricity production from November to May. Sundsbarmvatn has two main basins. Water from the upper basin, Mannerosfjorden, flows into the lower basin, Gullnesfjorden. The two basins are separated by a narrow sound with a sill. The regulation interval for Sundsbarmvatn is 612-574 m a.s.l., but the sill prevents Mannerosfjorden from being lowered below 580 m a.s.l. The water intake in Gullnesfjorden is 571 m a.s.l. The water temperature conditions has been studied during two winters when the reservoir water was released. This study shows that a marked thermocline was gradually developed at the depth of withdrawal in Gullnesfjorden. In the epilimnion layer the temperature is gradually lowered through the winter, but in the hypolimnion layer the temperature seems to stay constant through the winter. In Mannerosfjorden, however, we find no clear thermocline at the end of the winter. The remaining water was relatively warm with temperatures mainly above 3 °C. The sill between the two basins seems to have a strong influence on which depth the water is flowing out of Mannerosfjorden and hence on the temperature and circulation pattern in Gullnesfjorden. At the end of the winter season this flow is strengthening and initiates a homogeneous flow layer in Gullnesfjorden. This layer is dipping downwards towards the outlet tunnel. For this reason the temperature of the water leaving the power station is 0.4-1.2 °C colder than the hypolimnion temperature in the reservoir at the tunnel depth.

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