Accelerating Rate Of Sea Level Rise And The Fate Of Coastal Ecosystems And Urbanized Areas

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Meeder
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Urbanized Areas

Sea-Level Rise and Coastal Ecosystems

2013 ◽  
pp. 163-184
Author(s):  
H.-P. Plag ◽  
S. Jules-Plag
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems

scholarly journals Biogenic sediments from coastal ecosystems to Beach-Dune Systems: implications for the adaptation of mixed and carbonate beaches to future sea level rise

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni De Falco ◽  
Emanuela Molinaroli ◽  
Alessandro Conforti ◽  
Simone Simeone ◽  
Renato Tonielli
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Sediment Budget ◽  
Dune System ◽  
Beach Sediment ◽  
Carbonate Production ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
Sediment Volume

Abstract. Coastal ecosystems store carbonate particles, which play a significant role in the carbonate dynamics of coastal areas and may contribute to the sediment budget of adjacent beaches. In the nearshore seabed of temperate zones, marine biogenic carbonates are mainly produced inside seagrass meadows. This study quantifies the contribution of biogenic sediments, mainly produced in Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows and secondarily in photophilic algal communities, to the sediment budget of a Mediterranean beach-dune system (San Giovanni beach, western Sardinia, western Mediterranean Sea). A set of geophysical, petrographic and sedimentological data were used to estimate the sediment volume and composition of the beach-dune system as a whole. The San Giovanni beach-dune system contains ~ 2106 m3 of sediments, about 83 % of which are located in the coastal wedge, 16 % in the dune fields and 1 % in the beachface. The sediments are composed of mixed modern bioclastic and relict biogenic and siliciclastic grains from various sources. The system receives a large input of modern bioclastic grains, mainly composed of Rhodophytes, Molluscs and Bryozoans, which derive from sediment production by present-day carbonate factories, particularly P. oceanica seagrass meadows. Radiocarbon dating of modern bioclastic grains indicated that they were produced during the last 4.37 ka. This value was used to estimate the long-term deposition rates of modern bioclastic sediments in the various beach compartments. The total deposition rate of modern bioclastic grains is 46 000 ± 5000 tons century−1, mainly deposited in the coastal wedge (85 %) and dunes (15 %). This deposition rate is equivalent to ~ 26 000 m3 century−1, and 26 000 m3 represents ~ 1.2 % of the total beach-dune sediment volume. Carbonate production from coastal ecosystems was estimated to be 132 000 ÷ 307 000 tons century−1, 28 % (15 % ÷ 34 %) of which is transported to the beach. The contribution to the beach sediment budget represents a further ecosystem service provided by P. oceanica, and our data can help quantify the value of this specific service in addition to the others provided by this seagrass. The dependence of the beach sediment budget on carbonate production associated with coastal ecosystems has several implications for the adaptation of mixed and carbonate beaches to the loss of seagrass meadows due to local impacts and the changes expected to occur over the next few decades in coastal ecosystems following sea level rise.

scholarly journals Rolling covenants to protect coastal ecosystems in the face of sea‐level rise

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Bell‐James ◽  
James A. Fitzsimons ◽  
Chris L. Gillies ◽  
Nicole Shumway ◽  
Catherine E. Lovelock
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
The Face

Epitomes of Bottom-Up Hydro-Geo-Climatological Analysis to Face Sea Level Rise in Complex Coastal Ecosystems

2013 ◽  
pp. 267-282
Author(s):  
M. Convertino ◽  
F. Nardi ◽  
G.A. Kiker ◽  
R. Munoz-Carpena ◽  
A. Troccolli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Bottom Up

scholarly journals Biogenic sediments from coastal ecosystems to beach–dune systems: implications for the adaptation of mixed and carbonate beaches to future sea level rise

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3191-3205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni De Falco ◽  
Emanuela Molinaroli ◽  
Alessandro Conforti ◽  
Simone Simeone ◽  
Renato Tonielli
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Sediment Budget ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Dune System ◽  
Beach Sediment ◽  
Carbonate Production ◽  
Seagrass Meadows

Abstract. Coastal ecosystems produce and store carbonate particles, which play a significant role in the carbonate dynamics of coastal areas and may contribute to the sediment budget of adjacent beaches. In the nearshore seabed of temperate zones (e.g. Mediterranean Sea and South Australia), marine biogenic carbonates are mainly produced inside seagrass meadows. This study quantifies the contribution of biogenic sediments, mainly produced in Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows and secondarily in photophilic algal communities, to the sediment budget of a Mediterranean beach–dune system (San Giovanni beach, western Sardinia, western Mediterranean Sea). A set of geophysical, petrographic and sedimentological data was used to estimate the sediment volume and composition of the beach–dune system as a whole. The San Giovanni beach–dune system contains 3 797 000 ± 404 000 t of sediment, 83 % (3 137 000 ± 404 000 t) of which is located in the coastal wedge, 16 % (619 000 ± 88 000 t) in the dune fields and 1 % (41 000 ± 15 000 t) in the subaerial beach. The sediments are composed of mixed modern bioclastic and relict bioclastic and non-bioclastic grains from various sources. The system receives a large input of modern bioclastic grains, mainly composed of rhodophytes, molluscs and bryozoans, which derive from sediment production of present-day carbonate factories, particularly P. oceanica seagrass meadows. Radiocarbon dating of modern bioclastic grains indicated that they were produced during the last 4.37 kyr. This value was used to estimate the long-term deposition rates of modern bioclastic sediments in the various beach compartments. The total deposition rate of modern bioclastic grains is 46 000 ± 5000 t century−1, mainly deposited in the coastal wedge (39 000 ± 4 000 t century−1) and dunes (7000 ± 1000 t century−1), and 46 000 t represents  ∼  1.2 % of the total beach–dune sediment mass. Carbonate production from coastal ecosystems was estimated to be 132 000∕307 000 t century−1, 28 % (15 % ∕ 34 %) of which is transported to the beach–dune system, thus significantly contributing to the beach sediment budget. The contribution to the beach sediment budget represents a further ecosystem service, which our data can help quantify, provided by P. oceanica. The value of this sediment-supply service is in addition to the other important ecological services provided by seagrass meadows. The dependence of the beach sediment budget on carbonate production associated with coastal ecosystems has several implications for the adaptation of mixed and carbonate beaches to the loss of seagrass meadows due to local impacts and the changes expected to occur over the next few decades in coastal ecosystems following sea level rise.

scholarly journals Salinity reduces coastal marsh respiration more than photosynthesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kominoski ◽  
Scott Neubauer ◽  
Ryan Bremen ◽  
Antonio Camacho ◽  
Alba Camacho-Santamans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Saltwater Intrusion ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Coastal Marsh ◽  
Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
Negative Effects

Abstract A paradigm in carbon cycling science predicts that sea-level rise will enhance carbon accumulation in an apparent negative carbon-climate feedback1,2. However, ecosystems exposed to combinations of stressors and subsidies – such as saltwater intrusion and sea-level rise – may adapt, transition to an alternative state, or experience a decline in functions, such as carbon storage, thereby altering their response trajectories to environmental changes3,4. Climate change is increasing salinity in coastal ecosystems worldwide yet the effects on ecosystem metabolism remain uncertain4-8. Here, we synthesized gross ecosystem productivity (GEP), ecosystem respiration [CO2 and CH4 (ERCO2 and ERCH4)], and net ecosystem productivity (NEP) from diverse coastal marshes exposed to experimental additions and observational gradients in salinity. Increases in salinity generally caused decreases in median GEP, ERCO2, and ERCH4 but increases in GEP and NEP from ~5 to 10 ppt. Increased saltwater intrusion can stimulate or stress wetlands based on relative exposure and acclimation to increased salinities, and we detected positive NEP where salinity increases had greater negative effects on ERCO2 and ERCH4 than GEP. Although increases in NEP are detectable at low salinities, saltwater intrusion and climate-driven disturbances may reduce carbon storage capacity of coastal ecosystems as productivity declines toward higher salinities.

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