Geology, Ore Deposits, and Modern Mining History of the Pine Tree-Josephine Properties, Bagby District, Southern Mother Lode, California

This chapter provides the mining history of the mountains of the rest of the world. It begins with England in which major silver discoveries took place in Bere Ferrers or Bere Ferris, a valley of the Tamar River in North Devon, southwest of Dartmoor, and at Combe Martin in the north after the mid-thirteenth century. However, English mines were challenging as they were physically distant from the central arteries of international trade of continental Europe and the commercial cities with continental catchment areas. This chapter also talks about silver mining that flourished in the Persian Province of Khorasan, the Samanid region of Transoxiana, and the Hindu Kush. These are the lands of the most spectacular mountain heights, where mountains piled up one behind another and mountain development assumes its grandest forms. It ends with mining history in India in which its mining exploits did not compete with the achievements of European mining regions. Mining in Zawar endured technical difficulties. Geologist Bagghi states that miners worked on hard siliceous quarzitic ore bodies, where drilling today calls for the use of tungsten carbide bits.

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The History of Archaeological Investigations at The Jamestown Mound Site (41SM54), An Archaeological Conservancy Preserve in Smith County, Texas

Index of Texas Archaeology Open Access Grey Literature from the Lone Star State ◽

10.21112/.ita.2007.1.15 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Timothy K. Perttula

Keyword(s):

The Other ◽

Archaeological Research ◽

Archaeological Record ◽

East Texas ◽

Open Area ◽

Circular Pattern ◽

Pine Tree ◽

History Of ◽

Clay Cap ◽

Sabine River

The Jamestown Mound site (41SM54) is an Archaeological Conservancy (TAC) preserve in northern Smith Country, Texas in the northeastern part of the state. The Jamestown site is one of the largest Caddo mound centers in East Texas, with seven recorded mounds and an associated village area of unknown extent and internal complexity. It is also one of the four premier mound centers in the Sabine River basin, the other three being Hudnall-Pirtle (41RK4), a TAC preserve, Pine Tree Mounds (41HS15), also a TAC preserve as of 2006, and Boxed Springs (41UR30), and was obviously an important civic and ceremonial center for the prehistoric Caddo peoples that lived there and in surrounding communities. Unfortunately, at the present time very little is known about the archaeological record preserved at the Jamestown site, or the exact locations of several of the smaller mounds on the preserve. Here, I summarize the history of archaeological research at the Jamestown site. This article is intended to be a companion piece to the report to be submitted to the TAC on the results of on-going remote sensing activities at the Jamestown preserve. The Jamestown preserve covers approximately 18 acres of pasture divided into two tracts by a north-south running fence. It is a large prehistoric Caddo mound center, with multiple mounds, roughly arranged in a circular pattern, with an open area (or plaza) between the mounds. The largest mound (Md. A) (measuring ca. 43 m in diameter and 4 m in height, is situated in the southwestern side of the circle of mounds. Mounds B-E (15-20 m in diameter and 40 cm-1 m in height) are probably mounds built over houses with a clay floor and a clay cap. The exact locations of Mounds D and E within the TAC preserve are not currently known. Md. A is known to have two levels of burned structural remains in the upper mound fill.

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A geochemical record of the mining history of the Erme Estuary, south Devon, UK

Marine Pollution Bulletin ◽

10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.07.016 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 50 (12) ◽

pp. 1706-1712 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Gregory D. Price ◽

Karen Winkle ◽

W. Roland Gehrels

Keyword(s):

Mining History ◽

History Of

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Iberia and The Western Mediterranean

Prehistoric Copper Mining in Europe ◽

10.1093/oso/9780199605651.003.0009 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

William O'Brien

Keyword(s):

New Technology ◽

Western Mediterranean ◽

Ore Deposits ◽

Northern Spain ◽

Metal Mining ◽

Copper Ore ◽

Copper Deposits ◽

History Of ◽

Copper Metallurgy ◽

The 1960S

The Iberian Peninsula is one the most mineralized parts of Europe, with a long history of metal mining from prehistoric and Roman to modern times. The earliest evidence for copper metallurgy dates to the fifth millennium BC; however, distinctive Chalcolithic metalworking traditions did not emerge in most regions until 3000 BC onwards. There are widespread occurrences of copper mineralization in Spain and Portugal, including many areas with deposits of lead, tin, silver, and gold. Copper deposits occur in the Galician and Cantabrian mountain ranges of northern Spain, extending east to the Pyrenees. They are also numerous in central Spain, in the provinces of Madrid, Avila, Salamanca, and Segovia in the Central Range, and also in the Toledo and Betic mountains of Cordoba. Farther south, there are major copper deposits in the so-called Pyrite Belt, extending from Seville to Huelva into southern Portugal, and also in the Penibetic range from Cartagena to Malaga crossing the sierras of Almeria (Rovira 2002: fig. 3c; see Delibes de Castro and Montero Ruiz 1999 for regional surveys of copper deposits and indications of early mining; also Gómez Ramos 1999; Hunt Ortiz 2003). The widespread availability of ore deposits was a significant factor in the establishment of copper metallurgy in Iberia. How early is contentious, as is the means by which the new technology first developed in different parts of the peninsula. The older explanation of metal-seeking colonists from the east Mediterranean introducing this technology to southern Spain was replaced in the 1960s by a model that emphasized autonomous development (Renfrew 1967, 1973; Montero Ruiz 1994). This was based on the apparent antiquity of copper mining and metallurgy in Iberia and the distinctive technological processes that developed there relative to other parts of Europe. The earliest indication of copper metallurgy in Iberia may come from the settlement of Cerro Virtud in Almeria, south-west Spain. A single sherd from a metallurgical crucible used to reduce oxidized copper ore was discovered in a layer dated to the early fifth millennium BC (Montero Ruiz and Ruíz Taboada 1996; Ruíz Taboada and Montero Ruiz 1999).

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GENETIC MODEL OF MUD VOLCANISM OF THE KERCH PENINSULA (SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED ASPECTS)

Geology and Mineral Resources of World Ocean ◽

10.15407/gpimo2021.01.057 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 57-74

Author(s):

V.A. Nesterovskyi ◽

N.O. Hryshchanko ◽

M.A. Deiak

Keyword(s):

Genetic Model ◽

Thick Layer ◽

Volcanic Eruptions ◽

Ore Deposits ◽

Geological History ◽

Mud Volcanoes ◽

Near Surface ◽

Kerch Peninsula ◽

Mud Volcanism ◽

History Of

The work is devoted to the results of many years of research and observations of mud volcanoes on the Kerch Peninsula. It aims to reveal the most important factors and aspects related to their origin, activity and impact on the geological history of the region. About 50 fossil and modern mud volcanoes have been defined on the Kerch Peninsula and the adjacent part of the water area. Their activity is consistent with the phases of activation of the alpine tectogenesis of the Crimean-Caucasian segment and is intermittent and impulsive. In the geological history of the peninsula, four main bursts of mud volcanic activity are clearly recorded: in the Upper Maikop, Chokrak-Karagan, Sarmatian and Cimmerian. Its greatest activity is manifested in the late Miocene and early Pliocene. Favorable factors for the development of mud volcanoes within the peninsula are the presence of a thick layer of plastic clays enriched in water and gas fluids, the widespread development of brachyanticlinal folds in the Neogene structural surface and a network of deep faults and fractures. The activity of mud volcanoes is associated with the formation of specific compensation structures – depressed synclines, which have become widespread on the Kerch Peninsula. The latter, depending on the paleogeographic conditions (sea, land) and the structural position of volcanoes in the anticlines, have acquired different specifics of structure and filling. Some depressed synclines are associated with iron ore deposits, which differ from typical iron ores of the mulde type by significant capacity, structural and textural features and material composition. Components of hydrothermal and exogenous origin have been defined in the products of mud volcanism: mud gases, mud waters, mud breccias, which indicates the genetic connection of this phenomenon with deep and near-surface processes. In addition, liquid, solid and gaseous hydrocarbons are often detected in volcanic eruptions. The latter are a criterion for searching for oil and gas at depth. Mud volcanoes of the Kerch Peninsula are a unique testing ground for monitoring the processes of modern mineral formation, the dynamics of deep processes and seismic activity in the region.

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DECAPOD DATA MINING: HISTORY OF RESEARCH ON SUPRATIDAL BRACHYURAN BURROWS

10.1130/abs/2017ne-289867 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Christopher A. Sparacio ◽

◽

Ilya V. Buynevich ◽

Karen A. Kopcznski ◽

Klavdiya Vasylenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Mining ◽

History Of Research ◽

Mining History ◽

History Of

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Mine Flooding History of a Regional Below-Drainage Coalfield Dominated by Barrier Leakage (1970–2014)

Geofluids ◽

10.1155/2019/5703108 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Joseph J. Donovan ◽

Eric F. Perry

Keyword(s):

Water Level ◽

Mine Water ◽

Underground Mines ◽

Water Level Fluctuations ◽

Water Control ◽

Near Surface ◽

The North ◽

Mining History ◽

History Of ◽

Mine Flooding

A 44-year record of water level fluctuations in a series of adjacent closed underground mines documents the history of closure and mine flooding in the Fairmont Coalfield, one of the oldest coal mining districts in the Pittsburgh coal basin, West Virginia, USA. As closures proceeded and mines began to flood, US environmental regulations were first enacted mandating mine water control and treatment, rendering uncontrolled surface discharges unacceptable. The purpose of this study is to present this flooding history and to identify critical events that determined how mine pools evolved in this case. Also examined is the strategy developed to control and treat water from these mines. Flooding is visualized using both water level hydrographs and mine flooding maps with the latter constructed assuming mine water hydraulic continuity between one or more mines. The earliest flooding formed small pools within near-surface mines closed prior to 1962 yet still pumped following closure to minimize leaking into adjacent still-active workings. These subpools gradually enlarged and merged as more closures occurred and the need for protective pumping was removed, forming what is today referred to as the unconfined Fairmont Pool. Later, deeper mines, separated by intact updip barriers from the Fairmont Pool, were closed and flooded more gradually, supplied in large part by leakage from the Fairmont Pool. By 1985, all mines except 2 had closed and by 1994 all had fully flooded, with the Fairmont Pool interconnected to deeper single mine pools via barrier leakage. As protective pumping ceased, the Fairmont Pool rose to a water level 3 m higher than surface drainage elevation and in 1997 discharged from an undermined section of Buffalo Creek near the Monongahela River. The principal mine operator in the basin then designed a pumping system to transfer water from the Fairmont Pool to their existing treatment facilities to the north, thus terminating the discharge. It may be concluded that the progress of mine flooding was influenced by mining history and design, by the timing of closures, by barrier leakage conditions, and by geologic structure. A key element in how flooding proceeded was the presence of a series of intact barriers separating deep from shallow mines. The shallow mines closed and flooded early, but then lost sufficient water by barrier leakage into the deeper mines to delay the completion of flooding until after the deep mines had all closed and flooded as well. Intensive mine water control has continued from the 1997 breakout to the present. The final water control scheme was likely unanticipated and serendipitous; future district-wide mining efforts should be advised to consider in advance closeout strategies to control mine water postmining.

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Sediment Records of Man’s Activities in the Kootenay Lake Drainage Basin

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.1994.007 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 103-116

Author(s):

R.W. Macdonald ◽

E.C. Carmack ◽

C.H. Pharo

Keyword(s):

Sedimentation Rate ◽

Drainage Basin ◽

Road Construction ◽

The North ◽

Mining History ◽

Boom And Bust ◽

History Of ◽

Lead Zinc ◽

Lake Drainage ◽

Kootenay Lake

Abstract Four cores from Kootenay Lake have been dated using 2l0Pb. These cores have also been analyzed for total Pb concentration specifically to compare the sediment record with the known history of lead-zinc mining around the lake. Two sorts of impact on the lake are recorded in the sediments. First, there is obvious contamination by Pb in which concentrations within cores parallel the regional “boom-and-bust” mining history. Second, the sedimentation rate appears to have been affected by damming of the inflowing rivers and probably also by logging and the associated road construction in the watersheds. Spatial variability within the lake sediments is evident: sedimentation rate is highest towards the north and south ends of the lake where river inflow is greatest; contamination by Pb is highest in the middle of the lake close to the major mining activities.

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