scholarly journals Transformation als Lateinamerikanisierung?

1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (112) ◽  
pp. 459-483
Author(s):  
Katharin Müller
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Pension Reforms ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Old Age Security ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
Reform Debate

The recent pension reforms in Central-Eastern Europe include partial privatisation of old age security and are clearly modelled on Latin American role models, thus reflecting the current mainstream in the international pension reform debate. This article asks for the rationale behind this institutional transfer, focusing on structural settings, actor constellations and the consequences of radical paradigmatic choice in Polish and Hungarian old age security.

Perspectives on Pensions in Eastern Europe

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Müller
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Defined Contribution ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Reform Agenda ◽  
Old Age Security ◽  
Defined Contribution Plans

The dramatic political and economic changes witnessed by Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the Former Soviet Union (FSU) since the late 1980s did not leave the area of old-age security unaffected. While the inherited pension systems were rather uniform, the past seventeen years have brought diversity to the region's retirement schemes. Most transition countries have opted for parametric reforms, thus changing key characteristics of their pre-existing pay-as-you-go schemes. A number of countries in the region have embarked on partial or full pension privatization, thereby following the much advertised Latin American role models. Moreover, some countries have introduced national defined-contribution plans, similar to the schemes of Sweden and Italy. Overall, contributory approaches to old-age security — whether publicly or privately organized — dominate the post-socialist pension reform agenda. This chapter outlines the pre-1989 legacy in old-age security and the impact of transformation on the existing retirement schemes. It reviews pension reforms in CEE and the FSU and evaluates the state of pension reform in the post-socialist world.

scholarly journals High Mortality Rate Among Latin American Immigrants With Covid-19 Hospitalised in Milan, Italy: Data From the Luigi Sacco Hospital Registry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Giacomelli ◽  
Anna Lisa Ridolfo ◽  
Cecilia Bonazzetti ◽  
Letizia Oreni ◽  
Federico Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Latin American Immigrants ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
Hospital Registry ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background To assess differences in the probability of COVID-19-related death between native Italians and immigrants hospitalised with COVID-19. Methods This was a retrospective study of prospectively collected data conducted at the ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco Hospital in Milan, Italy, between 21 February and 31 November 2020. Uni- and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the impact of the patients' origin on the probability of COVID-19-related death. Results The study population consisted of 1,179 COVID-19 patients: 921 Italians (78.1%) and 258 immigrants (21.9%) from Latin America (99, 38.4%), Asia (72, 27.9%), Africa (50, 19.4%) and central/eastern Europe (37, 14.3%). The Italians were older (p < 0.001) and more frequently affected by co-morbidities (p < 0.001). Mortality was significantly greater among the Italians than the immigrants as a whole (26.6% vs 12.8%; p < 0.001), and significantly greater among the immigrants from Latin America than among those from Asia, Africa and central/eastern Europe (21.2% vs 8.3%, 6% and 8.1%, respectively; p = 0.016). Multivariate analyses showed that a Latin American origin was independently associated with an increased risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio 1.95, 95% confidence interval 1.17–3.23). Conclusions Our findings support the need to strengthen COVID-19 information and prevention initiatives in the Latin American community living in Milan.

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