scholarly journals High Mortality Rate Among Latin American Immigrants With Covid-19 Hospitalised in Milan, Italy: Data From the Luigi Sacco Hospital Registry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Giacomelli ◽  
Anna Lisa Ridolfo ◽  
Cecilia Bonazzetti ◽  
Letizia Oreni ◽  
Federico Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Latin American Immigrants ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
Hospital Registry ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background To assess differences in the probability of COVID-19-related death between native Italians and immigrants hospitalised with COVID-19. Methods This was a retrospective study of prospectively collected data conducted at the ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco Hospital in Milan, Italy, between 21 February and 31 November 2020. Uni- and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the impact of the patients' origin on the probability of COVID-19-related death. Results The study population consisted of 1,179 COVID-19 patients: 921 Italians (78.1%) and 258 immigrants (21.9%) from Latin America (99, 38.4%), Asia (72, 27.9%), Africa (50, 19.4%) and central/eastern Europe (37, 14.3%). The Italians were older (p < 0.001) and more frequently affected by co-morbidities (p < 0.001). Mortality was significantly greater among the Italians than the immigrants as a whole (26.6% vs 12.8%; p < 0.001), and significantly greater among the immigrants from Latin America than among those from Asia, Africa and central/eastern Europe (21.2% vs 8.3%, 6% and 8.1%, respectively; p = 0.016). Multivariate analyses showed that a Latin American origin was independently associated with an increased risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio 1.95, 95% confidence interval 1.17–3.23). Conclusions Our findings support the need to strengthen COVID-19 information and prevention initiatives in the Latin American community living in Milan.

Etanercept in moderate rheumatoid arthritis: PRESERVE study results from central/eastern Europe, Latin America and Asia

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Pavelka ◽  
Ruben Burgos-Vargas ◽  
Pedro Miranda ◽  
Renato Guzman ◽  
Jeng-Hsien Yen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Central Eastern

scholarly journals Empirical Verification of the Occurrence of Lucas Paradox in the Region of Central – Eastern Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (29) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Agata Maria Górniak
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Capital Flows ◽  
International Capital Flows ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Capital ◽  
Neoclassical Theory ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this article is to study the occurrence of the Lucas paradox in the region of Central-Eastern Europe. According to the research conducted by Robert Lucas (1990), the direction of the international capital flows is different than the neoclassical theory suggests. The capital does not flow from the richer, high-income economies to the poorer, but rather stays in those with the higher capital resources or flows to the other ones with similar level of GDP. The paper verifies whether the paradox appears in the region, in the way that it examines the impact of the GDP on the FDI inflows. Additionally, the study implements few basic models with factors that may potentially resolve the puzzle of the capital flows. The study method is based on panel data estimations, initially using pooled OLS, and subsequently using fixed or random effects models as appropriate. The examined economies are the member states of the European Union, from the region of Central-Eastern Europe, and the examined years are 2000-2018. Based on the literature, and the widely emphasized need for differentiating between the types of international capital flows, the article focus is on the foreign direct investment only, as they constitute large part of the whole global capital flows. Results of the research confirm the presence of the paradox in the region in the examined period. Even though the estimation of the additional models helps to remove the effects of the paradox for the region, it does not fully explain under which circumstances the neoclassical theory would be applicable. None of the applied models reverses the sign of the GDP variable to negative, keeping it statistically significant at the same time.

ECB may ease pressure on Central-Eastern central banks

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
European Monetary Policy ◽  
The Impact

Subject The impact of ECB and US Fed policy on monetary policy in Central-Eastern Europe. Significance The pressure on central banks in Central-Eastern Europe (CEE) to tighten monetary policy is easing slightly. The ECB offset its decision to terminate its quantitative easing (QE) programme in December with a pledge to refrain from raising interest rates until the second half of 2019. However, there is domestic pressure for tighter policy in some of the CEE region. This is most pronounced in Romania, where the National Bank (NBR) has already raised interest rates three times this year to counter a surge in inflation. Impacts The increasing divergence between US and European monetary policy is likely to push the euro down against the dollar. The dramatic escalation in tensions over global trade will keep German investor confidence at around its lowest level since 2012. OPEC and Russian attempts to reverse supply curbs and fears over the fallout from a full-blown trade war will curb further fuel price gains.

scholarly journals Collaborative Governance Regimes in Illiberal Democracies: A Comparative Case of Drug Harm Reduction Policy in Central-Eastern Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-80
Author(s):  
György HAJNAL ◽  
Iga JEZIORSKA
Keyword(s):  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Collaborative Governance ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Visegrád Countries

Collaborative governance research and practice seem underdeveloped in Central-Eastern Europe compared to its Western counterpart. Recently, one can also observe a turn from liberal values in CEE. Taking states’ important role in shaping collaborative governance as a starting point, this paper includes a theoretical ambition of developing a classification of collaborative governance regimes. Furthermore, through qualitative analysis of drug harm reduction policies in Visegrád countries, it aims to contribute to the understanding of how illiberal governance affects collaborative governance. The results show that the impact of illiberalism on collaborative governance regimes does not appear uniformly across different policy areas.

scholarly journals Transformation als Lateinamerikanisierung?

1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (112) ◽  
pp. 459-483
Author(s):  
Katharin Müller
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Pension Reforms ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Old Age Security ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
Reform Debate

The recent pension reforms in Central-Eastern Europe include partial privatisation of old age security and are clearly modelled on Latin American role models, thus reflecting the current mainstream in the international pension reform debate. This article asks for the rationale behind this institutional transfer, focusing on structural settings, actor constellations and the consequences of radical paradigmatic choice in Polish and Hungarian old age security.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK QUALITY ON THE OWNERSHIP STRATEGY. EVIDENCE FROM EU FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS IN SOUTH AND CENTRAL EASTERN EUROPE

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantinos CHOROMIDES
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Transitional Economies ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Ownership Strategy ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
The Impact

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is considered by scholars as a critical factor for economic growth and development. The recent economic crisis in the European Union (EU) has brought up again the discussion of the key drivers specific to the attraction of FDI. In addition to strict economic factor, the literature emphasises the role of institutions in a country as determinants in attracting FDI inflows. This study is one of the first to address the ownership strategy of multinational enterprises from the EU region undertaking FDI in former transitional economies in South (SEE) and Central Eastern Europe (CEE) using the concept of the quality of institutions. An analysis of the impact that the quality of market supporting institutions in determining ownership structure has of foreign affiliates in former transitional economies is attempted using an econometric model on institutional, regulatory, country specific and company level data based on a sample of 285 EU companies undertook FDI in 4 South and Central Eastern European countries during 1995-2015. We apply and advance the institution-based view of strategy by integrating it with resource-based and transaction cost considerations, incorporating three of the most important theoretical paradigms of international business studies.

scholarly journals El balance de la independencia latinoamericana

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Ádám Anderle
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
The World ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
German Historian

This study is a historiographical overview of the literature of the Latin American wars of independence. It analyses the gains and losses, and poses the question: „has the world advanced" in the 200 years of independence? The first part of the article concentrates on the events of the wars of independence and the developments in the 19th century focusing on the works of Francisco Morales Padrón, Luis Navarro Garcia, Jose' Carlos Maridtegui, and the approach of the German historian Manfred Kossok. In the secondpart the author presents the question of subdesarrollo and dependencia. He discusses the different interpretations for insufficient progress from the positivist viewpoints to the assessment of the economists of the CEPAL. The novelty of this part is that it presents the results of the comparative analyses (Wittman, Pack, Zimdnyi) published in Hungarian historiography in the 1960s-1970s that revealed the similarities between the progress in Central-Eastern Europe and Latin America.

scholarly journals Central-Eastern Europe in Post-COVID-19 International Politics

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kobrinskaya ◽  
◽  
B. Frumkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Politics ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The article is based on the hypothesis about the transition of the development of international processes from the stage of uncertainty to the stage of the negative certainty – the increase and synergy of the impact of negative factors in the environmental, climatic, epidemiological, socio-economic, technological, and security spheres against the background of worsening geopolitical contradictions and confirmed by the crisis caused by the COVID19 pandemic. The article examines the dynamics of socio-economic and political development and the changing role of the Central-Eastern European region. Having strengthened their positions in the European Union through adaptation to EU policies and norms, by the mid-2010s the CEE countries began to pursue an increasingly independent course. By 2020 their policy became one of the factors hindering the further deepening of the EU integration, primarily in the foreign policy sphere, and the process of federalization of the Union. The analysis of the state of public opinion conducted in the article testifies to the dualism of the perception of citizens of the CEE countries of the EU membership. High support for the EU is combined with frustration at the partial loss of national sovereignty, which is actively used by nationalist political forces in the region. During the early months of COVID-19 pandemics the countries of the region performed better than the EU as a whole, which created prerequisites for reformatting the position of the CEE countries in the EU. The enormous resources provided by the EU to Central-Eastern Europe to overcome the crisis and move towards sustainable development serve as a tool for even deeper economic and political integration of the CEE into the EU. Conditionality of support for the implementation of the EU strategies could have an impact on the CEE countries that is very similar to the period of their accession to the integration grouping and lead to the next stage of desovereignization. Meanwhile, for the European Union closer binding of the CEE countries allows not only to take another step towards federalization, but also to strengthen its actorness in world politics and the global economy.

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