Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome in Healthy Infant

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) describes a spectrum of superficial blistering skin disorders caused by the exfoliative toxins of Staphylococcus aureus that originates from a focus of infection that may be a purulent conjunctivitis, otitis media, or occult nasopharyngeal infection. It usually begins with fever, irritability, and a generalized, paint, orange-red, macular erythema with cutaneous tenderness, and the rash progress from scarlatiniform to a blistering eruption in 24 to 48 hours. A diagnosis must distinguish SSSS from other skin diseases, such as toxic epidermal necrolysis, epidermolysis bullosa, bullous erythema multiforme, Streptococcal impetigo or listeriosis and thermal or chemical burns, all of which can manifest with similar symptoms. The prognosis of SSSS in children who are appropriately treated is good, with a mortality of less than 5%. A case was a three moths old boy hospitalized in Pediatric ward M. Djamil hospital with chief complain redness and peeling of the skin since 2 days before hospitalized. Culture of the skin, eyes and nose was Staphylococcus aureus, and patients was given ampicillin and gentamycin for seven days.

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Bacteremia With Otitis Media

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.87.1.48 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

pp. 48-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sara A. Schutzman ◽

Stephen Petrycki ◽

Gary R. Fleisher

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Blood Culture ◽

Haemophilus Influenzae ◽

Otitis Media ◽

Potential Benefit ◽

Blood Cultures ◽

Children At Risk ◽

Focus Of Infection ◽

Persistent Bacteremia

To investigate the occurrence and outcome of bacteremia associated with otitis media, charts were reviewed from patients who were 3 to 36 months of age, had temperatures ≥39°C, and were diagnosed with isolated clinical otitis media. A total of 2982 patients were identified. Blood cultures were obtained from 1666 (56%). Of the 1666 patients, who had blood drawn for cultures, 50 (3.0%) had bacteremia. These included 39 with Streptococcus pneumoniae, 4 with Haemophilus influenzae, 2 with Neisseria meningitidis, 3 with Salmonella species, and 2 with Staphylococcus aureus. The incidence of bacteremia increased at higher temperatures, being 1.9% at temperatures ≤40°C and 5.0% at temperatures >40°C. Younger children were more likely to have bacteremia; 3.7% ≤12 months of age, 2.4% 13 to 24 months of age, and 1.9% 25 to 36 months of age had blood culture results that were positive (not significant). Reevaluation of the 50 bacteremic patients showed that 9 patients had continued fever, 3 patients had persistent bacteremia, pneumonia developed in 1 patient, and meningitis developed in 1 patient. It was concluded that (1) 3% of young febrile children with otitis media have bacteremia at the time of evaluation, a rate comparable to that previously reported in children with no focus of infection; (2) the incidence of bacteremia increases at higher temperatures; and (3) most febrile children with otitis media do well. The clinician must therefore weigh the potential benefit of drawing a blood culture to identify children at risk for complications against the inherent cost, inconvenience, and discomfort.

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Unnecessary Biopsy?

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.67.3.444b ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 444-444

Author(s):

Benjamin C. Berliner

Keyword(s):

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis ◽

Mucous Membrane ◽

Erythema Multiforme ◽

Scarlet Fever ◽

Stevens Johnson Syndrome ◽

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome ◽

Johnson Syndrome ◽

Mucous Membranes ◽

Clinical Description ◽

Typical Instance

The clinical description of the little girl's disease which is provided in the article by Manzella et al1 is certainly sufficient for a diagnosis, and biopsy rather than being "essential" is an unnecessary and unwarranted intervention. I am puzzled by the diagnostic term "toxic epidermal necrolysis" as used here. What is described is a typical instance of erythema multiforme bullosa (Stevens-Johnson syndrome), a disorder which involves the mucous membranes as well as the skin. This entity is readily distinguishable from the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (toxic epidermal necrolysis, staphylococcal scarlet fever, Ritter's disease of the newborn) by the fact that the latter patients exhibit neither bullae nor mucous membrane involvement.

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Studies of Exfoliatin Producing Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Skin Diseases

Nishi Nihon Hifuka ◽

10.2336/nishinihonhifu.40.480 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 480-482

Author(s):

Kaoru HIRAYAMA ◽

Shohei FUTAKI ◽

Yasunaga SARAI

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Skin Diseases

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Staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome in an adult due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1007/s10156-002-0175-9 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 256-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Yoichiro Ito ◽

Katsuhisa Toda ◽

Makoto Shimazaki ◽

Toshiyuki Nakamura ◽

Miyuki Funabashi Yoh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome

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Evaluation of Bacteriological Profile in Active Mucosal Chronic Otitis Media - A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare ◽

10.18410/jebmh/2021/16 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (02) ◽

pp. 80-84

Author(s):

Smitha B ◽

Swapna U.P ◽

Salilkumar K

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Otitis Media ◽

Bacterial Growth ◽

Chronic Otitis Media ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Maximum Sensitivity ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Sensitivity Pattern ◽

Two Samples

BACKGROUND Active mucosal chronic otitis media (COM) is a disease of the middle ear cleft associated with inflammation and production of pus. The incidence is high in developing countries. It affects all age groups and both genders. If not properly treated, it can lead to complications. The bacterial isolates and their sensitivity pattern vary from place to place and also over time. Early identification of the microorganisms and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns helps in proper selection of antibiotics and quick recovery in COM patients. METHODS Fifty patients with active mucosal COM were selected for the study. The study was conducted over a period of one year. Ear swab from the deep external auditory canal was collected under strict aseptic precautions from these patients before starting antibiotic treatment. Microorganisms were identified by gram staining, growth on different agar plates, and various biochemical tests. Antibiotic sensitivity was done by the Kirby-Bauer method. RESULTS Majority of the patients were in the age group of 21 - 40 years (42 %) with female preponderance (62 %). All patients had a central perforation in the tympanic membrane (100 %). Bacterial growth was seen in 44 samples (88 %). Two samples (4 %) showed fungal growth. Four samples (8 %) showed no growth even after 48 hours of incubation. Single bacterium was isolated in 41 cases (82 %) whereas 3 samples (6 %) showed more than one bacterial growth. The predominant bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (50 %) followed by Staphylococcus aureus. The other isolates were coagulase negative staphylococci, enterococci, enterobacter, acinetobacter, and E coli. Pseudomonas showed maximum sensitivity to amikacin, imipenem and piperacillin / tazobactam (100 %). The most effective antibiotics for staphylococcus was vancomycin and linezolid. CONCLUSIONS The most common bacteria isolated in active mucosal COM were pseudomonas followed by Staphylococcus aureus. The most effective antibiotics for pseudomonas was amikacin, imipenem and piperacillin / tazobactam. Staphylococcus showed maximum sensitivity to vancomycin and linezolid. KEYWORDS Chronic Otitis Media (COM), Active Mucosal, Ear Swab, Bacteriology, Sensitivity

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