Study of Association of Demographic Variables with Types of Burns Presenting in a Tertiary Care Medicolegal Clinic

Background: In day to day life every human whether young or the old happens to deal or face the fire sources or any relevant entity. Great research is available in all the regions of the world and generous emphasis had been delivered widely. Though the advantages of the energy sources outweighs its disadvantages if dealt with proper care but accidents do happen in this process. The study focuses on the association of the demographic variables like age, gender, marital status and level of education. Aim: To observe the association of demographic variables with types of the burns. Methods: A total of 250 victims of burns presenting in the Medicolegal Clinic of King Edward Medical University Lahore/ Emergency of Mayo Hospital Lahore expanded over a period of several months from December 2017 to August 2018. Results: A grossly significant association of the age, gender, occupation and level of education of the victims of burns with types of different burns i.e. scalds, dry flame burns, chemical burns and electrical burns was observed with a 0.000 p value. A little lower significance of marital status of with a p value of 0.036 was observed when compared to different types of burns. Keywords: Scalds, Dry flame, Chemical, Electrical, Burns, Age, Gender, Marital Status, Occupation

EP.FRI.196 The Giant Hoqweed as a rare cause of chemical burns: A Case Series

Introduction The Giant Hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum) is a rare cause for chemical burns in humans and animals and is acquiring growing recognition in mainstream media as a relevant public health concern. Injuries attributed to this plant range from innocuous superficial irritation to full-thickness chemical burns. A vast majority of cases will resolve with conservative measures and effective first aid, but these case series demonstrate the clinical course of more severe injuries. Description We present a case series of 2 patients requiring admission to the Royal Group Hospitals for management of mixed thickness hogweed burns. Injuries were sustained by two separate infestations of giant hogweed in the Western Trust Area. Both patients responded to observation and conservative measures, namely effective analgesia, UV light protection, topical hydrocortisone, and dressings. Discussion Cutaneous burns induced by giant hogweed are caused by contact with its photoactive sap containing plant furocoumarins. On exposure to sunlight, the sap initiates a damaging process known as phytophotodermatitis (PPD). This process can be managed effectively with topical steroids; however, prolonged contact and subsequent sun exposure may lead to more severe skin damage. In extremely rare instances, damage may progress to full skin thickness burns warranting operative intervention.

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome in Healthy Infant

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) describes a spectrum of superficial blistering skin disorders caused by the exfoliative toxins of Staphylococcus aureus that originates from a focus of infection that may be a purulent conjunctivitis, otitis media, or occult nasopharyngeal infection. It usually begins with fever, irritability, and a generalized, paint, orange-red, macular erythema with cutaneous tenderness, and the rash progress from scarlatiniform to a blistering eruption in 24 to 48 hours. A diagnosis must distinguish SSSS from other skin diseases, such as toxic epidermal necrolysis, epidermolysis bullosa, bullous erythema multiforme, Streptococcal impetigo or listeriosis and thermal or chemical burns, all of which can manifest with similar symptoms. The prognosis of SSSS in children who are appropriately treated is good, with a mortality of less than 5%. A case was a three moths old boy hospitalized in Pediatric ward M. Djamil hospital with chief complain redness and peeling of the skin since 2 days before hospitalized. Culture of the skin, eyes and nose was Staphylococcus aureus, and patients was given ampicillin and gentamycin for seven days.

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome in Healthy Infant

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) describes a spectrum of superficial blistering skin disorders caused by the exfoliative toxins of Staphylococcus aureus that originates from a focus of infection that may be a purulent conjunctivitis, otitis media, or occult nasopharyngeal infection. It usually begins with fever, irritability, and a generalized, paint, orange-red, macular erythema with cutaneous tenderness, and the rash progress from scarlatiniform to a blistering eruption in 24 to 48 hours. A diagnosis must distinguish SSSS from other skin diseases, such as toxic epidermal necrolysis, epidermolysis bullosa, bullous erythema multiforme, Streptococcal impetigo or listeriosis and thermal or chemical burns, all of which can manifest with similar symptoms. The prognosis of SSSS in children who are appropriately treated is good, with a mortality of less than 5%. A case was a three moths old boy hospitalized in Pediatric ward M. Djamil hospital with chief complain redness and peeling of the skin since 2 days before hospitalized. Culture of the skin, eyes and nose was Staphylococcus aureus, and patients was given ampicillin and gentamycin for seven days.

Chemical burns

Chemical burn injuries represent a small proportion of all burns. They are, however, a unique and challenging subset with over 25,000 potential causative agents. Their management, requiring specialist knowledge and expertise, is ideally performed by specialist burns services. A large proportion of these injuries occur in the workplace, with significant socioeconomic implications. Health and safety standards are therefore paramount for prevention, particularly through ensuring adequate eye protection and clothing. The increasing numbers of acid-related assaults, chemical warfare, and terrorism comprise a complex part of burn care internationally. This chapter highlights the key features of chemical burns, the most commonly encountered agents, and their pathophysiology. A thorough and safe plan for assessment and acute management of these injuries is provided, emphasizing the importance of cross-speciality involvement when appropriate.

PROVIDING MEDICAL CARE TO PATIENTS WITH BURNS IN AN EMERGENCY

В данной статье рассмотрены основные действия при оказании медицинской помощи больным с ожогами на этапах медицинской эвакуации. Актуальность проблемы обусловлена тем, что своевременное оказание первой помощи пострадавшим предупреждает ухудшение состояния организма, что в значительной степени влияет на снижение летальности, инвалидности и сроков временной утраты трудоспособности больных и пострадавших, существенно снижает расходы на их лечение и реабилитацию [В.И. Хрупкин, 2000; Е.И. Бялик, 2001]. Особенное значение медицинская помощь на догоспитальном этапе приобретает при выраженных нарушениях кровообращения и дыхания, клинической смерти, кровотечении, переломах, термических и химических ожогах, когда неоказание помощи или запаздывание ее быстро приводит к значительному ухудшению состояния организма и даже смерти [В.А. Михайлович, А.Г. Мирошниченко, 2005; С.А. Сумин, 2005]. This article describes the main actions in providing medical care to patients with burns at the stages of medical evacuation. The urgency of the problem is due to the fact that timely first aid to victims prevents the deterioration of the body, which significantly affects the reduction of mortality, disability and the timing of temporary disability of patients and victims, significantly reduces the cost of their treatment and rehabilitation [V. I. Brilkin, 2000; E. I. Bialik, 2001]. Medical care at the prehospital stage is particularly important in cases of severe circulatory and respiratory disorders, clinical death, bleeding, fractures, thermal and chemical burns, when failure to provide assistance or its delay quickly leads to a significant deterioration of the body's condition and even death [V. A. Mikhailovich, A. G. Miroshnichenko, 2005; S. A. Sumin, 2005].

Chemical burns of the esophagus in children of Kyrgyzstan:10-year analysis of prevalence and cause

Introduction and Aim:In Kyrgyzstan, there are still no studies on the prevalence of chemical burns of the esophagus in children, and there are also few studies aimed at studying the causative agents. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of burns of the esophagus due to the accidental use of various chemicals by children and the chemical composition of cauterizing substances over a 10-year period of admission of children to the clinic. Materials and Methods:An analysis of 1081 cases of chemical burns of the esophagus in children who received inpatient treatment for the period 2011–2020 is presented. Results:In our study, caustic substances were used more often by boys (56.9%) than girls (43.1%), most of the children were under the age of 3 years. There is a tendency for an annual increase in chemical burns of the esophagus. Among the causal factors, there is an increase in the use of alkalis, which are part of the cleaning agents for dishes and plumbing pipes - Krot; recently, the cleaning agent for cauldrons - Aurora is gaining momentum. Conclusion: The emerging situation indicates not only the need for further medical research in this area, but also the tightening of requirements for the packaging and use of household chemicals, and the solution of this problem at the state level.