The Tween 80 Toxicity in Chicken Embryos and Effect on the Kinetics of Newcastle Disease Virus Replication

Background: Non-ionic surfactant, Tween-80 (TW80) is commonly used for drug delivery due to its effect on the cell membrane permeation. The change in permeability can also increase viral infectivity in cells. This study was undertaken to improve upon Newcastle disease virus (NDV) titer cultivated with embryonic chicken eggs. Methods: The toxicity of TW80 was investigated against chicken embryos at varying concentrations, and changes in the morphology and weights of the heart, liver, and spleen of 4-day old chicken embryos were analyzed. Also, the effect of non-toxic concentrations of TW80 was examined on the infectivity of NDV. The virus was titrated in the allantoic fluid, using a 50% embryo infectious dose (EID50). Results: At high concentrations of TW80, hemorrhage-induced mortality was observed in embryos at the early stages of incubation. The embryos’ viability was not affected at low TW80 concentrations, indicating that its toxicity to the chicken embryos was dose-dependent. The infectivity titer of NDV was increased in the presence of TW80 compared to those inoculated with NDV only. Conclusion: The data suggest that TW80 is toxic to chicken embryos at high concentrations, but it enhances cell membrane permeability for NDV particles at low concentrations without affecting the embryos’ viability.

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Electron Microscopic Study of Penetration of Newcastle Disease Virus into Cells Leading to Formation of Polykaryocytes

Journal of Cell Science ◽

10.1242/jcs.2.1.71 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 71-76

Author(s):

N. MEISELMAN ◽

A. KOHN ◽

D. DANON

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Cell Membrane ◽

Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Microscopic Study ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Cell Membranes ◽

Viral Envelope ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Input Multiplicity

Treatment of FL or Lu 106 epithelial cells with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at an input multiplicity of 500 EID50 per cell induces in these cells the formation of polykaryocytes at the end of 2-3 h of contact. Electron micrographs of such NDV-treated monolayers after 2-10 min of incubation show the presence of virions adsorbed to the cell membranes, in vacuoles and with the viral envelope partly fused with the cell membrane. In polykaryocytes induced by NDV, remnants of cell membranes showing numerous breaks may still be present after 3 h.

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Genetic stability of a Newcastle disease virus vectored infectious laryngotracheitis virus vaccine after serial passages in chicken embryos

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.074 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 925-932 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Qingzhong Yu ◽

Yufeng Li ◽

Kiril Dimitrov ◽

Claudio L. Afonso ◽

Stephen Spatz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Virus Vaccine ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Genetic Stability ◽

Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽

Chicken Embryos ◽

Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽

Laryngotracheitis Virus

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Real-Time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of Newcastle Disease Virus Using Light upon Extension Fluorogenic Primers

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/104063870701900411 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 400-404 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Márta Antal ◽

Tibor Farkas ◽

Péter Germán ◽

Sándor Belák ◽

István Kiss

Keyword(s):

Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Real Time ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Plasmid Copy Number ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Pcr Assay ◽

Plasmid Copy ◽

Infectious Dose ◽

Efficient Detection

A real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR assay, applying light upon extension (LUX) fluorogenic primers, was developed for rapid and efficient detection of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The method, which targets the fusion (F) protein gene of the viral genome, gave positive signal with all NDV isolates tested (32/32), while negative results were obtained with heterologous pathogens (35/35), including 13 avian influenza virus isolates. The detection limit of the assay was approximately 10+1.2 egg infectious dose (EID)50/0.2 ml and 10+2.2 EID50/0.2 ml for virus suspensions and spiked chicken fecal samples, respectively. As expressed in plasmid copy number, the procedure has a sensitivity of approximately 20 copies of the plasmid harboring the target gene. Due to its high specificity, sensitivity, and relative simplicity, the LUX RT-PCR assay provides a novel, rapid, and practical tool for the detection of NDV.

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