scholarly journals FILLING THE GAP: DEVELOPING INDICATORS FOR EFFECTIVE SERVICE COVERAGE OF NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN THE CONTEXT OF UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Service Coverage ◽  
Effective Service ◽  
Universal Health

scholarly journals Advancing universal health coverage in China and Vietnam: lessons for other countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhui Mao ◽  
Yuchen Tang ◽  
Tra Tran ◽  
Michelle Pender ◽  
Phuong Nguyen Khanh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Population Coverage ◽  
Service Coverage ◽  
Universal Health

Abstract Background China and Vietnam have made impressive progress towards universal health coverage (UHC) through government-led health insurance reforms. We compared the different pathways used to achieve UHC, to identify the lessons other countries can learn from China and Vietnam. Methods This was a mixed method study which included a literature review, in-depth interviews and secondary data analysis. We conducted a literature search in English and Chinese databases, and reviewed policy documents from internal contacts. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 16 policy makers, government bureaucrats, health insurance scholars in China and Vietnam. Secondary data was collected from National Health Statistics Reports, Health Insurance Statistical Reports and National Health Household Surveys carried out in both countries. We used population insurance coverage, insurance policies, reimbursement rates, number of households experiencing catastrophic heath expenditure (CHE) and incidence of impoverishment due to health expenditure (IHE) to measure the World Health Organization’s three dimensions of UHC: population coverage, service coverage, and financial coverage. Results China has increased population coverage through strong political commitment and extensive government financial subsidies to expand coverage. Vietnam expanded population coverage gradually, by prioritizing the poor and the near-poor in an incremental way. In China, insurance service packages varied across regions and schemes and were greatly determined by financial contributions, resulting in limited service coverage in less developed areas. Vietnam focused on providing a comprehensive and universal service packages for all enrollees thereby approaching UHC in a more equitable manner. CHE rate decreased in Vietnam but increased in China between 2003 and 2008. While Vietnam has decreased the CHE gap between urban and rural populations, China suffers from persistent disparities among population income levels and geographic location. CHE and CHE rates were still high in lower income groups. Conclusion Political commitment, sustainable financial sources and administrative capacity are strong driving factors in achieving UHC through health insurance reform. Health insurance schemes need to consider covering essential health services for all beneficiaries and providing government subsidies for vulnerable populations’ in order to help achieve health for all.

scholarly journals 1167Disease Burden and Universal Health Coverage Monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohei Okamoto ◽  
Keita Shimmmei ◽  
Tomonori Okamura
Keyword(s):  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Transition ◽  
World Bank Group ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Bank Group ◽  
Universal Health

Abstract Background Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) is a target of the Sustainable Development Goals, and the monitoring of its progress is of use to clarify what to be enhanced for better health. While the WHO and the World Bank Group jointly developed a scale with the above purpose (WHO/WB index: Hogan et al., 2018), it fails to reflect the fact that different needs to health coverages may exist depending on a stage of epidemiological transition. Methods To consider potential differences in health coverage needs depending on the stage of the epidemiological transition, we reformulated the index by incorporating weight as the proportion of age-adjusted mortality rate among monitored domains (i.e. reproductive, maternal, new-born and child health, infectious disease, non-communicable diseases [NCD]), of which data collected from the WHO Global Health Observatory. Additionally, we utilised indicators of policy achievements on NCD by the WHO’s Noncommunicable Diseases Progress Monitor 2015. Results The UHC progress monitored by the WHO/WB index had a mean of 61.83 (%) while it declined by about 4% point on average when NCD indicators were replaced. Furthermore, the UHC progresses evaluated with weights calculated from disease burden decreased by about 10% point for both measures, suggesting that some countries may not provide demanded health coverages. Conclusion The UHC progress decreased when disease burden for each country was taken into consideration. This indicates the necessity to assess the UHC progressby reflecting disease structure of each country, not by an identical scale for all nations. Key messages The monitoring of universal health coverage is required to reflect disease structure of each country.

scholarly journals Trends and projections of universal health coverage indicators in Ghana, 1995-2030: A national and subnational study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherri Zhang ◽  
Md. Shafiur Rahman ◽  
Md. Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Alfred E Yawson ◽  
Kenji Shibuya
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
National Level ◽  
Bayesian Regression ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Financial Risk Protection ◽  
Service Coverage ◽  
Risk Protection ◽  
Universal Health

Ghana has made significant stride towards universal health coverage (UHC) by implementing the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in 2003. This paper investigates the progress of UHC indicators in Ghana from 1995 to 2030 and makes future predictions up to 2030 to assess the probability of achieving UHC targets. National representative surveys of Ghana were used to assess health service coverage and financial risk protection. The analysis estimated the coverage of 13 prevention and four treatment service indicators at the national level and across wealth quintiles. In addition, this analysis calculated catastrophic health payments and impoverishment to assess financial hardship and used a Bayesian regression model to estimate trends and future projections as well as the probabilities of achieving UHC targets by 2030. Wealth-based inequalities and regional disparities were also assessed. At the national level, 14 out of the 17 health service indicators are projected to reach the target of 80% coverage by 2030. Across wealth quintiles, inequalities were observed amongst most indicators with richer groups obtaining more coverage than their poorer counterparts. Subnational analysis revealed while all regions will achieve the 80% coverage target with high probabilities for prevention services, the same cannot be applied to treatment services. In 2015, the proportion of households that suffered catastrophic health payments and impoverishment at a threshold of 25% non-food expenditure were 1.9% (95%CrI: 0.9-3.5) and 0.4% (95%CrI: 0.2-0.8), respectively. These are projected to reduce to less than 0.5% by 2030. Inequality measures and subnational assessment revealed that catastrophic expenditure experienced by wealth quintiles and regions are not equal. Significant improvements were seen in both health service coverage and financial risk protection as a result of NHIS. However, inequalities across wealth quintiles and at the subnational level continue to be cause of concerns. Further efforts are needed to narrow these inequality gaps.

Best Practices in Achieving Universal Health Coverage: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalil Koohpayehzadeh ◽  
Saber Azami-Aghdash ◽  
Naser Derakhshani ◽  
Aziz Rezapour ◽  
Riaz Alaei Kalajahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Financial Protection ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Population Coverage ◽  
Service Coverage ◽  
Universal Health

Abstract Background: Universal health coverage (UHC) is a very important and effective policy in the health system of countries worldwide. Using the experiences and learning from the best practices of successful countries in the UHC can be very helpful. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to provide a scoping review of successful global interventions and practices in achieving UHC.Methods: The present study is a scoping review study has conducted using the Arkesy and O'Malley framework. To gather information the databases of Embase, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Scopus, SID and MagIran have searched using the keywords of Universal health coverage, Universal healthcare coverage, Universal health care coverage, Strength*, Transfer*, interventions, improve*, program*, innovations, initiative, Financing, "Service delivery", Stewardship, "Resource generation", from 2000 to 2019. Content-Analysis was also used to analyze the data.Results: Out of 4257 articles, 57 evidence finally included in the study. The results showed that of the 40 countries that had successful interventions, most were Asian. The interventions were financial protection (40 interventions that categorized to 14 items), service coverage (31 interventions that categorized to 7 items), population coverage (36 interventions that categorized to 9 items) and quality (18 interventions that categorized to 7 items) respectively. Also, the successful result were conducted financial protection (14 items), service coverage (7 items), population coverage (9 items) and quality (7 items)) respectively.Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive and clear view of successful interventions in achieving to UHC. Therefore, with consideration to lessons learned from successful interventions, policymakers can be designing appropriate interventions to their country.

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