scholarly journals The crime-terror nexus in Canada: changing human trafficking operations and smuggling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses Kay-Leun Wong
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
International Security ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Border Security ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
States Government ◽  
Terrorist Groups

In the post-9/11 era, the Canadian and the United States government are facing two phenomena, Narco-Terrorism and Crime-Terror Nexus. Terrorist groups and transnational organized crime are aligning their illicit activities. This thesis will demonstrate how the convergence of these two clandestine enterprises changes human trafficking and smuggling operations, and thus pose a higher caliber threat to vulnerable populations, such as victims of trafficking and refugees. Links will be drawn to explain why Canada’s current border security and refugee system are ill-equipped to address these nefarious activities. The thesis proposes recommendations offered by Canadian experts in the field of migration policy and international security. However, implementations depend heavily on how receptive Canada’s general public is. The majority of Canadians are not aware that issues of human trafficking and smuggling and refugee are intertwined with border security, transnational organized crime, and now terrorist groups.

scholarly journals The crime-terror nexus in Canada: changing human trafficking operations and smuggling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses Kay-Leun Wong
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
International Security ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Border Security ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
States Government ◽  
Terrorist Groups

In the post-9/11 era, the Canadian and the United States government are facing two phenomena, Narco-Terrorism and Crime-Terror Nexus. Terrorist groups and transnational organized crime are aligning their illicit activities. This thesis will demonstrate how the convergence of these two clandestine enterprises changes human trafficking and smuggling operations, and thus pose a higher caliber threat to vulnerable populations, such as victims of trafficking and refugees. Links will be drawn to explain why Canada’s current border security and refugee system are ill-equipped to address these nefarious activities. The thesis proposes recommendations offered by Canadian experts in the field of migration policy and international security. However, implementations depend heavily on how receptive Canada’s general public is. The majority of Canadians are not aware that issues of human trafficking and smuggling and refugee are intertwined with border security, transnational organized crime, and now terrorist groups.

scholarly journals “Exploitation Creep” and Development: A Response to Janie Chuang

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 268-271
Author(s):  
Aziza Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
The United States ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
States Government ◽  
Modern Day Slavery

In her article Exploitation Creep and the Unmaking of Human Trafficking Law, Janie Chuang insightfully describes transformations in the discourse on trafficking as it shifted from sex trafficking to human trafficking, and as human trafficking came to be understood as forced labor, and now modern day slavery. With each of these transformations, the United States government, self-anointed “global sheriff” of anti-trafficking efforts, deepened its emphasis on a prosecution-oriented strategy focused on individual perpetrator accountability. As an alternative trajectory, Chuang identifies and convincingly argues for a labor-rights approach that takes into consideration the structural causes of exploitation in the labor market, including poverty, unemployment, discrimination, and conflict.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Demand Aspect of Sex Trafficking: Addressing the Market through Legislation and Tactics

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-187
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Brautigam ◽  
James B. Caruthers ◽  
Ashley D. Knarr ◽  
Todd J. Latiolais ◽  
Alice Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Demand Reduction ◽  
States Government ◽  
Human Rights Violation

Human trafficking is a serious human rights violation. To combat human trafficking, the United States government and the State of Texas are shifting policies towards addressing the demand for commercial sex in an attempt to disrupt the trafficking “market.” In order to better understand the sex trafficking market, we examine its components, specifically: suppliers, the supply of victims, and purchasers of victims. This article also provides an overview of federal and Texas anti-trafficking laws and how these laws address demand within their texts. Finally, the article provides an overview of some common demand reduction techniques.

Unholy Alliances and their Threat: The Convergence of Terrorism, Organized Crime and Corruption

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-110
Author(s):  
Emilio C. Viano
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
The United States ◽  
September 11 ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Military Interventions ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
General Operation

AbstractSince the tragedy of September 11, 2001 (9/11) there have been a growing awareness and recognition of the expanding threat presented by the transmutation and convergence of international organized crime and terrorist groups. There is a semantic debate on whether these organizations are “converging” or “transforming.” Regardless, this worrisome development is complicated and progressively difficult to combat and calls for law enforcement, intelligence and military interventions. While the United States and other countries have been dealing with the post-9/11 world of persistent problems like Iraq, Afghanistan, al Qaeda, “Islamic State in Iraq and Syria” (ISIS), Syria, and more, the links between organized crime and terrorism could prolong these challenges and generate further disruptions and menace to global security and development. There are strong operational needs and requirements that bring organized crime and terrorists together for collaboration and even seamless transitions within the same general operation. However, there are substantial hurdles that make a total teamwork between the two groups not so easily achievable. For example, organized crime normally avoids the publicity and the indiscriminate killings often used by terrorists. However, it is clear that the merging of international organized crime and terrorist groups is growing and presents unique challenges and opportunities. This paper examines this ongoing transmutation, convergence and cooperation between transnational organized crime and terrorism, and offers examples and recommendations on how to prevent it and defeat it.

scholarly journals Assessing Student Learning Outcomes in United States Government Courses

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (01) ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Champney ◽  
Paul Edleman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Science Majors ◽  
Student Knowledge ◽  
States Government ◽  
Current Events ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractThis study employs the Solomon Four-Group Design to measure student knowledge of the United States government and student knowledge of current events at the beginning of a U.S. government course and at the end. In both areas, knowledge improves significantly. Regarding knowledge of the U.S. government, both males and females improve at similar rates, those with higher and lower GPAs improve at similar rates, and political science majors improve at similar rates to non-majors. Regarding current events, males and females improve at similar rates. However, those with higher GPAs and political science majors improve more than others.

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