scholarly journals Sutan Sjahrir's Footprint in Egypt, Middle East: A History That Is Almost Forgotten

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
Herdi Sahrasad ◽  
TI Aisyah ◽  
Dedy Tabrani ◽  
Muhammad Asrori Mulky
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Arab World ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Emotional Relationships

This article argues that the Indonesian people will never forget the services and roles of Egypt, the country that first recognized Indonesian independence. History recorded that the first recognition of the sovereignty of Indonesia is not done by Western countries, especially the United States who often claim him as a promoter of freedom and human rights (human rights). Indonesia's struggle for independence is supported firstly and heroically by the Muslim countries in the Arab, not others because of the spiritual-emotional relationships and civil Islam in all of the countries and nations. At that time, Arab world have felt, how strong ukhuwah Islamiyyah (Islamic solidarity and linkage) between the Indonesian people and with Arab nations who are struggling for their independence.

Sentyment antyamerykański w stosunkach międzynarodowych

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (282) ◽  
pp. 110-122
Author(s):  
Karolina Adamska-Płocic
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Arab World ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
East Region ◽  
The Us ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Middle East Region

The objective of the article is to analyze the anti-American sentiment in international relations. A chronological systematization of particular stages of the development of anti-Americanism aims to illustrate its evolution and the constantly changing perception of the United States by representatives of different cultural circles. It is worth emphasizing that while European anti-Americanism is based mainly on the philosophical foundations, the Islamic anti-Americanism has its roots mainly in the negative assessment of US foreign policy towards the Middle East region. The first strong wave of anti-Americanism flooded the Middle East in 1967 when the US supported Jews during the six-day war. Each subsequent conflict in the Arab world with US involvement only deepens the antagonisms that have persisted since then. Followers of Islam also have objections towards the culture of the United States, which is to be shallow and expansive. It is worth emphasizing, however, that the anti-American sentiment grew and evolved simultaneously with the state that was being formed, which is why it is not possible to recall only one specific reason that causes the country to have as many opponents. While nineteenth century polemics consisted of almost purely theoretical considerations about the superiority of the Old World over the New World, the reality of twenty-first century terror based on hatred for the US, requires serious actions from American diplomacy.

Can the United States Promote Democracy in the Middle East?

2003 ◽  
Vol 102 (660) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Amy Hawthorne
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Arab World ◽  
The United States ◽  
September 11 ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
Democratic Change

In the aftermath of September 11, the United States has no alternative other than to begin to shift its role in the Arab world from an enabler of authoritarian rule to a supporter of gradual, but genuine, democratic change.

The Sultan's Communists

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alma Rachel Heckman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Middle East ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Jewish History ◽  
Arab World ◽  
The United States ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War

Structured around the stories of five prominent Moroccan Jewish Communists (Léon René Sultan, Edmond Amran El Maleh, Abraham Serfaty, Simon Lévy, and Sion Asssidon), The Sultan’s Communists examines how Moroccan Jews envisioned themselves participating as citizens in a newly independent Morocco. It also explores how Communism facilitated the participation of Moroccan Jews in Morocco’s national liberation struggle with roots in the mass upheavals of the interwar and WWII periods. Alma Heckman describes how Moroccan Communist Jews fit within the story of mass Jewish exodus from Morocco in the 1950s and ’60s, and how Communist Jews survived oppressive post-independence authoritarian rule under the Moroccan monarchy. These stories unfold in a country that, upon independence from France and Spain in 1956, allied itself with the United States (and, more quietly, Israel) during the Cold War all while attempting to claim a place for itself within the fraught politics of the post-independence Arab world. Heckman’s manuscript contributes to the growing literature on Jews in the modern Middle East, filling in the gaps on the Jewish history of 20th-century Morocco as no other previous book has done.

Limits of US soft power in the Arab world (2003–15)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-444
Author(s):  
Hosam Matar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Arab World ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hard Power ◽  
The World ◽  
Arab States

Soft power, according to Joseph Nye, in 2004, is ‘the ability to affect others through the co-optive means of framing the agenda, persuading, and eliciting positive attraction in order to obtain preferred outcomes’. The United States is applying many initiatives and policies of soft power in the Arab world. No other state holds as much widespread cultural attractiveness around the globe as much as the United States. Yet, America’s political and cultural popularity in the Middle East, including the Arab world, is still relatively low when compared with other regions of the world. In 2014, from the 10 states that were most unfavourable toward the United States, five were Arab states. Therefore, like hard power, soft power also has its own limits. This article focuses on the reasons and conditions that impose such constrictions and limits on US soft power in the Arab world.

The Changing Geopolitics of the Middle East

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-74
Author(s):  
Marina ◽  
David Ottaway
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Arab World ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Power Centers ◽  
Political Turmoil

The 2011 uprisings had a profound impact on the geopolitics of the Middle East due to the vacuum created by the political turmoil consuming its three traditional power centers—Egypt, Syria and Iraq. Two old imperial rivals, Turkey and Iran, competed to fill the vacuum while an emerging new regional power, Saudi Arabia, made a bid for the leadership of the Arab world. At the same time, the United States, despite its efforts to disengage from Middle East conflicts, became more engaged than ever, first with Iran and then in civil wars underway in Syria and Iraq and against Islamic extremist groups. Meanwhile, Russia after two decades of absence, returned to quickly re-establish its influence there.

The Fifth International Symposium of the History of Arab Science

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-584
Author(s):  
George Saliba
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
International Symposium ◽  
New World ◽  
Arab World ◽  
The United States ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Obvious Reason ◽  
History Of ◽  
Muslim Spain

In the context of the five-hundred-year anniversary celebrations of the"discovery of the New World" now going on in the United States andSpain, the Syrian Institute for the History of Science (Aleppo University,Aleppo, Syria), organized the Fifth International Symposium of the Historyof Arab Science in conjunction with the lnstituto de Cooperaci6n conel Mundo Arabe (Institute of Cooperation with the Arab World, the ForeignMinistry of Spain). The theme of the conference, which dealt withthe contribution of al Andalus (i.e., Muslim Spain) to the history ofscience and teclmology, was the obvious reason for this international cooperationbetween the agencies of Syria and Spain.The contribution of al Andalus in the realms of science and technologyto both Muslim and European countries is undeniably importantin its own right and should be investigated by similar symposia, not onlyin Spain or Muslim countries. It was, however, ironic that the fivehundred-year anniversary celebrations of the "discovery of the NewWorld" coincided with the expulsion of Muslims from Spain after the reconquista,not to mention the fact that the "New World" had already beendiscovered thousands of years before Columbus by the native Americans ...

Why Aren't German Penal Policies Harsher and Imprisonment Rates Higher?

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1187-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tonry
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Contemporary Britain

It is common for reformist academics, human rights advocates, and political liberals to bemoan harsher public attitudes towards crime and criminals, populist posturing by politicians, and more repressive penal policies. Some years ago, sociologist David Garland, a leading scholar of this subject, described increasingly repressive strategies of crime control in contemporary Britain, Australia, and the United States, ‘and elsewhere, too'. Some years later Hans-Jörg Albrecht called Garland to task for that ‘and elsewhere, too,’ noting that what happens in English-speaking countries does not inexorably happen elsewhere and that penal policies in many Western countries were not becoming more repressive or more politicised in parallel with American and British developments.

Faith and Engaged Scholarship in the New Millennium

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. i-iii
Author(s):  
Rich Janzen ◽  
Alisha Pomazon ◽  
Christopher Hrynkow
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Middle East ◽  
United Nations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Turn Of The Millennium ◽  
Engaged Scholarship ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Southern Asia ◽  
New Millennium

Despite the prominence of the “secularization thesis” among academics prior to the turn of the millennium, religion is not in decline worldwide. The Pew Research Center’s (2015) estimates show that until at least 2050 the number of people practicing a religion is expected to grow globally, particularly in Africa, the Middle East, and southern Asia. Democratic trends mean these regions are likely to remain major sources of immigrants to Western countries (United Nations 2015). These trends will supplement other trends towards growing religiosity in immigrant-receiving countries such as Canada, the United States, New Zealand, and Australia. Given such demographics, this issue is timely. This issue brings a community-engaged perspective into the dialogue concerning how to properly understand the place of faith in contemporary societies (Ager et al. 2015; Bramadat and Biles 2005; Cnaan and Boddie 2006).

Shifting Middle East geopolitics risk more instability

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Content Type

Significance Relations between the two NATO allies have been strained because Washington supports Kurdish groups in Syria in its fight against Islamic State (IS), while Ankara regards Kurdish groups as a threat to its security. Their tense relations come amidst wider shifts in alliances and relationships throughout the Middle East. Impacts EU interest is unlikely to expand beyond a fairly narrow range of issues including refugees and human rights rhetoric. Chinese interests in the region will be overwhelmingly commercial, minimising overt political engagement. Iraq will seek to maintain its balance between the United States and Tehran, needing the support of both to maintain stability.

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