scholarly journals Delta Variant of Covid-19 Study, and Why it is a Concern: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 5797-5810
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Membrane Fusion ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Receptor Recognition ◽  
Transmissible Gastroenteritis ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Evasion Behavior

COVID-19 is caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 that belongs to the Coronaviridae groups. The subgroups of the coronavirus families are α , β , γ , and δ coronavirus (the four general human coronaviruses). Representative coronaviruses consist of NL63 coronavirus (human) and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis from the Alphacoronavirus genus; mouse hepatitis coronavirus (MHV), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV); avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV); and porcine δ -coronavirus (PdCoV). This work exhibits, δ -coronavirus spikes are fundamentally and evolutionally more similar related to α -coronavirus spikes than to β -coronavirus or γ -coronavirus spikes due to the receptor recognition, membrane fusion phenomenon, and immune evasion behavior.

Comparative Evaluation of In Vitro and In Vivo Assays for the Detection of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus as a Contaminant of Live Poultry Vaccines

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-634
Author(s):  
Emiliana Falcone ◽  
Edoardo Vignolo ◽  
Livia Di Trani ◽  
Simona Puzelli ◽  
Maria Tollis
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis

A reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay specific for identifying avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in poultry vaccines, and the serological response to IBV induced by the inoculation of chicks with a Newcastle disease vaccine spiked with the Massachusetts strain of IBV, were compared for their ability to detect IBV as a contaminant of avian vaccines. The sensitivity of the IBV-RT-PCR assay provided results which were at least equivalent to the biological effect produced by the inoculation of chicks, allowing this assay to be considered a valid alternative to animal testing in the quality control of avian immunologicals. This procedure can easily be adapted to detect a number of contaminants for which the in vivo test still represents the only available method of detection.

Avian infectious bronchitis virus: isolation of an apparently new variant in Italy

2000 ◽  
Vol 146 (7) ◽  
pp. 191-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zanella ◽  
R. Coaro ◽  
R. Marchi ◽  
G. Fabris ◽  
A. Lavazza
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
New Variant

scholarly journals Research Note: Antibodies to Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Pakistani Chickens

1987 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMMAD A. MUNEER ◽  
JOHN A. NEWMAN ◽  
SAGAR M. GOYAL ◽  
M. AJMAL
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis
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